Chapter 5: Nervous System I: Cells, Concepts, Peripheral System

Question 1

Voltage existing going from outside to inside of a cell.

Answer 1

Membrane potential

Question 2

Entity capable of propagating action potentials.

Answer 2

Excitable cell

Question 3

Type of animal cell capable particularly of transmitting electrochemical information from one end to another.

Answer 3

Neuron

Question 4

Propagatable depolarization of the plasma membrane of an excitable animal cell.

Answer 4

Action potential

Question 5

Gap between nerve cells over which signal is propagated via the release, diffusion, and reception of neurotransmitters.

Answer 5

Synapse

Question 6

Combining by post-synaptic neurons of pre-synaptic signals, potentially towards establishment of an action potential.

Answer 6

Summation

Question 7

Sufficient membrane depolarization of the plasma membrane of an excitable cell to trigger extensive lateral propagation of that depolarization.

Answer 7

Threshold potential

Question 8

The portion of neurons other than the axon or dendrites.

Answer 8

Cell body

Question 9

Neuronal extensions that carry signals away from the cell bodies of neurons.

Answer 9

Axon

Question 10

Long bundles of axons.

Answer 10

Nerve

Question 11

Neuronal extensions that carry signals away from synapses.

Answer 11

Dendrite

Question 12

Chemicals that diffuse across synapses to signal post-synaptic cells

Answer 12

Neurotransmitter

Question 13

Non-neuron, nervous-system support cells.

Answer 13

Glial cells

Question 14

Glial-cell based insulator of the axons of neurons.

Answer 14

Myelin sheath

Question 15

Glial-cell based insulation of the axons of neurons.

Answer 15

Myelination

Question 16

Schwann cells

Answer 16

Myelin-supplying cells of the peripheral nervous system.

Question 17

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 17

Myelin-supplying cells of the central nervous system.

Question 18

Gaps between myelinating cells found along axons.

Answer 18

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 19

What otherwise is known as the voluntary, peripheral nervous system.

Answer 19

Somatic division

Question 20

The means by which your body relays action potentials towards the central nervous system.

Answer 20

Sensory nerves

Question 21

The means by which your body relays action potentials towards skeletal muscles.

Answer 21

Motor nerves

Question 22

What otherwise is known as the involuntary, peripheral nervous system.

Answer 22

Autonomic division

Question 23

Aspect of the peripheral nervous system that is responsible especially for involuntary responses to emergency situations.

Answer 23

Sympathetic division

Question 24

Aspect of the peripheral nervous system that is responsible especially for involuntary responses to non-emergency situations.

Answer 24

Parasympathetic division

Question 25

Entity that when interacting with a second, especially extracellular entity gives rise to a well-defined and anticipated change in the physiological state particularly of the first entity.

Answer 25

Receptor

Question 26

Specialized cells or complexes of cells that in animals are capable of detecting environmental or internal signals and converting those signals into action potentials.

Answer 26

Sensory receptors

Question 27

Skin- and hair-associated neurons that detect the presence of immediately local entities found outside of the body.

Answer 27

Touch receptors

Question 28

Specialized neurons that convey the sensation of pain to the central nervous system.

Answer 28

Nociceptors

Question 29

Nerves involved in receiving reception of a stimulus.

Answer 29

Afferent pathway

Question 30

Nerves involved in converting the reception of a stimulus into a response to a stimulus.

Answer 30

Integrating center

Question 31

Nerves involved in effecting a response to a stimulus.

Answer 31

Efferent pathway

Question 32

Rapid, involuntary responses to stimuli that do not involve integration at the level of the brain.

Answer 32

Reflex

Question 33

Neural pathway involving an afferent pathway that is followed by integration other than within the brain which in turn is followed by an efferent pathway and resulting response.

Answer 33

Reflex arc

Question 34

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 34

Disease associated with inflammatory damage to myelin sheaths located in the central nervous system.

Question 35

Polio

Answer 35

Virus-caused gastrointestinal disease that in relatively rare cases can lead to the death of a subset of motor neurons.