Chapter 8: Digestive System: From Lips to Anus

Question 1

Tube that begins with the mouth and ends with the anus that is employed by many animals for digestion.

Answer 1

Alimentary canal

Question 2

Separate interior volume of a biological structure.

Answer 2

Lumen

Question 3

Epithelial tissue that lines the alimentary canal.

Answer 3

Mucosa

Question 4

Involuntary contractions of muscles found in the wall of the alimentary canal that serve both to mix digesting food and to move that food forward towards the anus.

Answer 4

Peristalsis

Question 5

Various sites of production of a watery, lubricating, enzymatic, and immunologically protective substance secreted into the mouth

Answer 5

Salivary gland

Question 6

Enzyme that digests starch as found in the mouth.

Answer 6

Salivary amylase

Question 7

The back of the mouth, also known as the throat.

Answer 7

Pharynx

Question 8

The muscular tube connecting the throat to the stomach.

Answer 8

Esophagus

Question 9

The valve found at the entrance to the stomach that controls especially movement backwards in the alimentary canal, out of the stomach.

Answer 9

Lower esophageal sphincter

Question 10

Component of alimentary canal possessing low pH along with protein-digesting enzymes.

Answer 10

Stomach

Question 11

Stomach enzyme that digests proteins and which is initially secreted in an inactive form.

Answer 11

Pepsin

Question 12

Valve found at the exit of the stomach that controls especially movement forwards in the alimentary canal, out of the stomach.

Answer 12

Pyloric sphincter

Question 13

Fluid product of food digestion by the stomach.

Answer 13

Chyme

Question 14

Large organ found adjacent to the stomach and diaphragm that possesses secretory as well as substantial synthetic and degradative functions.

Answer 14

Liver

Question 15

Bile-storing reservoir that is connected to the liver via a duct and connects to the duodenum via the common bile duct.

Answer 15

Gallbladder

Question 16

Liver-produced fluid that is stored in the gallbladder and involved in fat digestion.

Answer 16

Bile

Question 17

Emulsifying agent produced by the liver and then released into the duodenum towards fat digestion.

Answer 17

Bile salts

Question 18

Glandular organ responsible for releasing insulin, glucagon, and numerous digestive substances.

Answer 18

Pancreas

Question 19

Long, immediately post-stomach aspect of the alimentary canal in which the majority of nutrient absorption occurs.

Answer 19

Small intestine

Question 20

Movement of substances from the lumen of the alimentary canal and into circulation within body tissues.

Answer 20

Absorption

Question 21

Region of the small intestine that receives chyme from the stomach and into which digestive elements are introduced from the gallbladder and the pancreas.

Answer 21

Duodenum

Question 22

Multi-celled outfoldings of mucosa which serve to increase mucosal surface area in contact with the alimentary canal lumen.

Answer 22

Intestinal villi

Question 23

Outfoldings of plasma membrane of cells making up the intestinal mucosa.

Answer 23

Microvilli

Question 24

Region of the small intestine specialized for nutrient absorption.

Answer 24

Jejunum

Question 25

Region of the small intestine specialized for immune functioning as well as nutrient absorption.

Answer 25

Ileum

Question 26

Region of the alimentary canal in which substantial absorption of water occurs.

Answer 26

Large intestine

Question 27

Blind pouch representing the initial section of the large intestine.

Answer 27

Cecum

Question 28

Short, thin, worm-shaped, tubular extension of the cecum.

Answer 28

Appendix

Question 29

Portion of the large intestine that is found after the cecum and prior to the rectum.

Answer 29

Colon

Question 30

Portion of large intestine found just prior to the rectum.

Answer 30

Sigmoid colon

Question 31

Region of the large intestine where fully formed feces is stored prior to defecation.

Answer 31

Rectum

Question 32

Smooth as well as skeletal muscles that function to prevent the premature movement of feces out of the body.

Answer 32

Anal sphincters