Chapter 6: Nervous System II: Brain, Spinal Cord, Special Senses

Question 1

Animal body principal control center.

Answer 1

Brain

Question 2

That aspect of the central nervous system that is rich in cell bodies while poor in myelin.

Answer 2

Gray matter

Question 3

That aspect of the central nervous system that is rich in myelin while poor in cell bodies.

Answer 3

White matter

Question 4

Part of the brain responsible for highest levels of integration of information.

Answer 4

Cerebrum

Question 5

Primary location of gray matter representing the surface of the forebrain.

Answer 5

Cerebral cortex

Question 6

Region of the hindbrain that is involved predominantly in refining the control of movement.

Answer 6

Cerebellum

Question 7

Lower most portion of the brain responsible for maintaining many low level but nonetheless crucial homeostatic functions of the body.

Answer 7

Brainstem

Question 8

Pons

Answer 8

Portion of brainstem involved primarily in connecting together other regions of the brain.

Question 9

Medulla oblongata

Answer 9

The portion of the brainstem that is found immediately adjacent to the spinal cord.

Question 10

Neurotransmitter involved, in part and crucially, in the brain’s reward and motivation.

Answer 10

Dopamine

Question 11

Neurotransmitter that motivates appetite, mood, and sleep as well as gut motility.

Answer 11

Serotonin

Question 12

Electroencephalogram

Answer 12

Means of visualizing the activity of the brain by measuring the electrical activity along the scalp.

Question 13

Primary connection in vertebrates between the brain and the rest of the body.

Answer 13

Spinal cord

Question 14

Spinal cord protective covering and dominant endoskeletal support structure in most animals possessing spinal cords.

Answer 14

Vertebral column

Question 15

Individual bones making up the neck, spine, sacrum, and tailbone.

Answer 15

Vertebrae

Question 16

Shock absorbing connective tissue joining the ventral bodies of vertebrae.

Answer 16

Intervertebral disc

Question 17

Balance, hearing, sight, smell, and taste.

Answer 17

Special senses

Question 18

Sense of balance.

Answer 18

Equilibrioception

Question 19

Inner ear associated means by which mammals sustain their balance.

Answer 19

Vestibular system

Question 20

Three tubes found in each ear that detect the acceleration of the head.

Answer 20

Semicircular canals

Question 21

Means by which changes in head position is detected such as relative to the center of the Earth.

Answer 21

Otolith organs

Question 22

The site of the first step in the conversion of vibrations of sound into vibration of tissue.

Answer 22

Tympanic membrane

Question 23

Means of air pressure equalization as well as drainage of the middle ear.

Answer 23

Eustachian tube

Question 24

Inner ear organ which converts fluid movement that originated as sound vibrations into action potentials.

Answer 24

Cochlea

Question 25

Transparent front of the eye.

Answer 25

Cornea

Question 26

Location of the visual receptors of the eye.

Answer 26

Retina

Question 27

Low light visual receptors of the eye.

Answer 27

Rods

Question 28

Visual receptors of the eye specialized for distinguishing among colors.

Answer 28

Cones

Question 29

Neural connection between the eyes and the brain.

Answer 29

Optic nerve

Question 30

Perception of odors.

Answer 30

Olfaction

Question 31

Proteins associated with specialized cells found on the tongue that are responsible for detecting the flavors bitter, salty, sour, sweet, and umami.

Answer 31

Taste receptor

Question 32

Cataract

Answer 32

Loss of transparency of the lens of the eye.

Question 33

Glaucoma

Answer 33

Eye disease characterized by excess pressure of the aqueous humor and blindness if left untreated.

Question 34

Otitis media

Answer 34

Infection of the middle ear.