chapter 10 Flashcards
(214 cards)
0
Q
atrioventricular valves
A
tricuspid/bicuspid valves
lie between atria and ventricle
keep blood flowing in one direction
1
Q
heart
A
muscular cone shaped organ, size of fist, pumping action circulates blood
2
Q
semilunar valves
A
pulmonary/aortic valves
ventricles/aorta, pulmonary artery
3
Q
pericardium
A
2 layer sac surrounding heart
4
Q
epicardium
A
covers the heart
5
Q
myocardium
A
middle, thick, muscular layer
6
Q
endocardium
A
inner lining of the heart
7
Q
blood vessels
A
tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body
8
Q
arteries
A
blood vessels that carry blood (O2, nutrient rich) from the heart to the body
9
Q
arterioles
A
smallest arteries
10
Q
aorta
A
largest artery
11
Q
veins
A
blood vessels that carry blood (O2 poor) to the heart
12
Q
venules
A
smallest veins
13
Q
venae cavae
A
largest veins in the body (superior/inferior)
14
Q
capillaries
A
microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules, gas exchange
15
Q
blood
A
composed of plasma, formed elements (rbc, wbc, platelets)
16
Q
plasma
A
clear, liquid portion of blood that suspends cells
90%water
comprises 55% total blood volume
17
Q
erythrocytes
A
RBC carry O2
develop in red bone marrow
18
Q
leukocytes
A
WBC combat infection, respond to inflammation
5 types
19
Q
platelets (thrombocytes)
A
one of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process
20
Q
serum
A
clear, watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot has formed
21
Q
lymph
A
transparent, colorless tissue fluid
contains lymphocytes, monocytes
flows in one direction, to heart
22
Q
lymphatic vessels
A
transport lymph from body tissues to the chest, where it enters the cardiovascular system
23
Q
lymph nodes
A
small, spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue
filter lymph
produce lymphocytes
24
spleen
left side abdominal cavity between stomach and diaphragm
cleanses blood
stores blood, destroys worn out RBC
25
thymus gland
important role in development of bodys immune system
| primary lymphatic organs
26
angi/o
vessel
27
aort/o
aorta
28
arteri/o
artery
29
atri/o
atrium
30
cardi/o
heart
31
lymph/o
lymph, lymph tissue
32
lymphaden/o
lymph node
33
myel/o
bone marrow
34
phleb/o, ven/o
vein
35
plasm/o
plasma
36
splen/o
spleen
37
thym/o
thymus gland
38
valv/o, valvul/o
valve
39
ventricul/o
ventricle
40
ather/o
yellowish, fatty plaque
41
ech/o
sound
42
electr/o
electricity, electrical activity
43
isch/o
deficiency, blockage
44
therm/o
heat
45
thromb/o
clot
46
brady-
slow
47
-ac
pertaining to
48
-apheresis
removal
49
-graph
instrument used to record, record
50
-pneia
abnormal reduction in number
51
-poiesis
formation
52
-sclerosis
hardening
53
angioma
tumor composed of blood vessels
54
angiostenosis
narrowing of a blood vessel
55
aortic stenosis
narrowing pertaining to aorta
56
arteriosclerosis
hardening of the arteries
57
atherosclerosis
hardening of fatty plaque
58
bradycardia
condition of a slow heart (less than 60bpm)
59
cardiomegaly
enlargement of the heart
60
cardiomyopathy
disease of the heart muscle
61
endocarditis
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
62
ischemia
deficiency of blood (flow)
63
myocarditis
inflammation of the muscle of the heart
64
pericarditis
inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart
65
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
66
polyarteritis
inflammation of many sites in the arteries
67
tachycardia
condition of a rapid heart (over 100bpm)
68
thrombophlebitis
inflammation of a vein associated with a clot
69
valvulitis
inflammation of a valve (of the heart)
70
hematoma
tumor of blood (collection of blood resulting from a broken blood vessel)
71
multiple myeloma
tumors of the bone marrow
72
pancytopenia
abnormal reduction of all (blood) cells
73
thrombosis
abnormal condition of a (blood) clot
74
thrombus
(blood) clot (attached to the interior wall of an artery)
75
lymphadenitis
inflammation of the lymph nodes
76
lymphadenopathy
disease of the lymph nodes
77
lymphoma
tumor of the lymphatic tissue (malignant)
78
splenomegaly
enlargement of the spleen
79
thymoma
tumor of the thymus gland
80
acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction
81
aneurysm
ballooning of a weakened portion of the arterial wall
82
angina pectoris
chest pain that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle
83
arrhythmia
any disturbance/abnormality in the hearts normal rhythmic pattern
84
atrial fibrillation (AFib)
a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria
85
cardiac arrest
sudden cessation of the cardiac output and effective circulation which requires CPR
86
cardiac tamponade
acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity
87
coarctation of the aorta
congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta
88
congenital heart disease
heart abnormality present at birth
89
congestive heart failure (CHF)
inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen
90
coronary artery disease (CAD)
a condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium, leaving it without enough nutrients and oxygen to function properly
91
coronary occlusion
obstruction of an artery of the heart
92
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
condition of thrombosis in a deep vein of the body
93
hypertensive heart disease (HHD)
disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure
94
intermittent claudication
pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking
95
mitral valve stenosis
a narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring
96
myocardial infarction (MI)
death of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from interrupted blood supply (heart attack)
97
peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
disease of the arteries in the arms and legs, resulting in a narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery
98
rheumatic heart disease
damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever
99
varicose veins
distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities
100
anemia
reduction in the number of RBCs
101
embolus
blood clot or foreign material that enters the bloodstream and moves until it lodges at another point in the circulation
102
hemophilia
inherited bleeding disease most commonly caused by a deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII
103
leukemia
malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal WBCs formed in bone marrow
104
sepsis
a condition in which pathogenic microorganisms enter the bloodstream causing a systemic inflammatory response to the infection
105
Hodgkin disease
malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue characterized by progressive enlargement of lymph nodes
106
infectious mononucleosis
an acute infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue, fever
107
angioplasty
surgical repair of a blood vessel
108
atherectomy
excision of fatty plaque
109
endarterectomy
excision within the artery, cleaned out
110
pericardiocentesis
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the sac surrounding the heart (pericardium)
111
phlebectomy
excision of a vein
112
phlebotomy
incision into a vein
113
valvuloplasty
surgical repair of a valve
114
splenectomy
excision of the spleen
115
splenopexy
surgical fixation of the spleen
116
thymectomy
excision of the thymus gland
117
aneurysmectomy
surgical excision of an aneurysm
118
atrial fibrillation ablation
procedure in which abnormal cells that trigger atrial fibrillation are destroyed by using radiofrequency energy
119
cardiac pacemaker
battery powered apparatus implanted under the skin with leads placed on the heart, used to treat an abnormal heart rhythm
120
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
surgical technique to bring a new blood supply to the heart muscle by detouring around blocked arteries
121
coronary stent
supportive scaffold device placed in the coronary artery, used to prevent closure
122
embolectomy
surgical removal of an embolus or clot with a balloon catheter
123
femoropopliteal bypass
surgery to establish an alternate route from the femoral artery to popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction
124
implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD)
a device implanted in the body that continuously monitors the heart rhythm
125
intracoronary thrombolytic therapy
an injection of a medication either intravenously or intraarterially to dissolve blood clots in the coronary arteries
126
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
procedure where a balloon is passed through a blood vessel into a coronary to the area where plaque is formed
127
bone marrow aspiration
a syringe is used to aspirate a sample of the liquid portion of the bone marrow
128
bone marrow biopsy
a needle puncture to obtain a sample of bone marrow
129
bone marrow transplant
infusion of healthy bone marrow cells from a donor with matching cells and tissue to a recipient
130
angiography
radiographic imaging of blood vessels
131
angioscope
instrument used for visual examination of a blood vessel
132
angioscopy
visual examination of a blood vessel
133
aortogram
radiographic image of the aorta
134
arteriogram
radiographic image of an artery
135
venogram
radiographic image of a vein
136
venography
radiographic imaging of a vein
137
echocardiogram (ECHO)
record of the heart using sound
138
electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)
record of the electrical activity of the heart
139
electrocardiograph
instrument used to record the electrical activity of the heart
140
electrocardiography
process of recording the electrical activity of the heart
141
distal subtraction angiography (DSA)
process of digital radiographic imaging of the blood vessels that subtracts/removes structures not being studied
142
Doppler ultrasound
study that uses sound for detection of blood flow within the vessels
143
exercise stress test
study that evaluates cardiac function during physical stress by riding a bike or walking on a treadmill
144
single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
nuclear medicine scan that visualizes the heart from several different angles
145
thallium test
nuclear medicine test used to diagnose coronary artery disease and assess revascularization after coronary artery bypass surgery
146
transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)
ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus
147
cardiac catheterization
examination to determine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels
148
impendance pleythysmography (IPG)
measures venous flow of the extremities with a plethysmograph to detect clots by measuring changes in blood volume and resistance in the vein
149
blood pressure (BP)
pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls
150
pulse
rhythmic expansion of an artery that can be felt with a finger
151
sphygmomanometer
device used for measuring blood pressure
152
C-reactive protein (CRP)
blood test to measure the amount of C-reactive protein in the blood (when elevated, indicates inflammation in the body)
153
creatine phosphokinase (CPK)
blood test used to measure the level of creatine phosphokinase
154
homocysteine
blood test used to measure the amount of homocysteine in the blood
155
lipid profile
blood test used to measure the amount of lipids in a sample of blood
156
troponin
blood test that measures troponin
157
coagulation time
blood test used to determine the amount of time it takes for blood to form a clot
158
complete blood count (CBC) & differential count (DC)
basic blood screening that measures hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, size/shape, WBC, platelets
159
hematocrit (HTC)
blood test to measure the volume of RBCs
160
hemoglobin (Hgb)
blood test used to determine the concentration of oxygen-carrying components in RBC
161
prothrombin time (PT)
blood test used to determine certain coagulation activity defects and to monitor anticoagulation therapy
162
atrioventricular (AV)
pertaining to the atrium and ventricle
163
cardiac
pertaining to the heart
164
cardiogenic
originating in the heart
165
cardiologist
physician who studies and treats diseases of the heart
166
cardiology
study of the heart
167
hypothermia
condition of body temperature that is below normal
168
intravenous (IV)
pertaining to within the vein
169
phlebologist
physician who studies and treats diseases of the veins
170
phlebology
study of veins
171
hematologist
physician who studies and treats diseases of the blood
172
hematology
study of the blood
173
hematopoiesis
formation of blood cells
174
hemolysis
dissolution of RBC
175
hemostasis
stoppage of bleeding
176
myelopoiesis
formation of bone marrow
177
plasmapheresis
removal of plasma
178
thrombolysis
dissolution of a clot
179
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
emergency procedure consisting of artificial ventilation and external cardiac massage
180
defibrillation
application of an electrical shock to the myocardium through the chest wall to restore normal cardiac rhythm
181
diastole
phase in cardiac in which the ventricles relax between contractions
182
extracorporeal
occurring outside the body
183
extravasation
escape of blood from the blood vessel into the tissue
184
fibrillation
rapid, quivering, noncoordinated contractions of the atria and ventricles
185
heart murmer
short duration humming sound of cardiac or vascular origin
186
hypercolesterolemia
excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood
187
hyperlipidemia
excessive amounts of fat in the blood
188
hypertension
blood pressure that is above normal (above 140/90)
189
hypertriglyceridemia
excessive amount of triglycerides in the blood
190
hypotension
blood pressure that is below normal (lower 90/60)
191
lipids
fats and fatlike substances that serve as a source of fuel in the body and are important to cell strucure
192
lumen
space within a tubular part/organ
193
occlude
to close tightly/block
194
systole
phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles contract
195
vasoconstrictor
agent or nerve that narrows the blood vessels
196
vasodilator
agent or nerve that enlarges the blood
197
venipuncture
puncture of a vein to remove blood, instill medication, start intravenous infusion
198
anticoagulant
agent that slows the blood clotting process
199
blood dyscrasia
abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood
200
hemorrhage
rapid loss of blood, bleeding
201
allergen
environmental substance capable of producing an immediate hypersensitivity in the body
202
allergist
physician who studies and treats allergic conditions
203
allergy
hypersensitivity to a substance
204
anaphylaxis
exaggerated, life threatening reaction to a previously encountered antigen
205
antibody
substance that is produced by lymphocytes that inactivate/destroy antigens
206
antigen
a substance that triggers an immune response when introduced into the body
207
autoimmune disease
disease caused by the bodys inability to distinguish its own cells from foreign bodies, antibodies attack own cells
208
immune
being resistant to specific invading pathogens
209
immunodeficiency
deficient immune response caused by the immune system dysfunction
210
immunologist
physician who studies and treats immune system disorders
211
immunology
branch of medicine dealing with immune system disorders
212
phagocytosis
process where some WBC destroy the invading microorganism and old cells
213
vaccine
suspension of inactivated microorganisms administered by injection to prevent infectious diseases by inducing immunity
