Flashcards in chapter 5 Deck (244):
0
nose
lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs
acts as a filter to moisten and warm entering air
1
nasal septum
partition separating the right and left nasal cavities
2
paranasal sinuses
air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities
3
pharynx
food and air passageway
(throat)
4
adenoids
lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity
5
tonsils
lymphoid tissue located behind the mouth
6
larynx
location of vocal cords
air enters
(voice box)
7
epiglottis
flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing
8
trachea
passage way for air to bronchi
(windpipe)
9
bronchus (pl. bronchi)
branch of trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides
(bronchial tree)
10
bronchioles
smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree
11
alveolus (pl. alveoli)
air sacs at end of bronchioles
O2 &CO2 exchange through alveolar walls and capillaries
12
lungs
two spongelike organs in thoracic cavity
right- 3 lobes
left- 2 lobes
13
pleura
double-folded serous membrane covering each lung and thoracic cavity
pleural cavity- small space between, contains serous fluid
14
diaphragm
muscular partition that separates the thoracic & abdominal cavities
aids in breathing process: contract- pull in air, relax- push air out
15
mediastinum
space between the lungs
contains heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels
16
adenoid/o
adenoids
17
alveol/o
alveolus
18
bronchi/o, bronch/o
bronchus
19
diaphragmat/o, phren/o
diaphragm
20
epiglott/o
epiglottis
21
laryng/o
larynx
22
lob/o
lobe
23
nas/o, rhin/o
nose
24
pharyng/o
pharynx
25
pleur/o
pleura
26
pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o
lung, air
27
pulmon/o
lung
28
sept/o
septum (wall off, fence)
29
sinus/o
sinus
30
thorac/o
thorax (chest)
31
tonsill/o
tonsil
32
trache/o
trachea
33
atel/o
imperfect, incomplete
34
capn/o
carbon dioxide
35
hem/o, hemat/o
blood
36
muc/o
mucus
37
orth/o
straight
38
ox/i, ox/o
oxygen
39
phon/o
sound, voice
40
py/o
pus
41
somn/o
sleep
42
spir/o
breath, breathing
43
a-, an-
absence of, without
44
endo-
within
45
eu-
normal, good
46
pan-
all, total
47
poly-
many, much
48
tachy-
fast, rapid
49
-algia
pain
50
-ar, -ary, -eal
pertaining to
51
-cele
hernia, protrusion
52
-centesis
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid
53
-ectasis
stretching out, dilation, expansion
54
-emia
blood condition
55
-graphy
process of recording, radiographic imaging
56
-meter
measurement
57
-pexy
surgical fixation, suspension
58
-pnea
breathing
59
-rrhagia
rapid flow of blood
60
-scope
instrument used for visual examination
61
-scopic
pertaining to visual examination
62
-scopy
visual examination
63
-spasm
sudden, involuntary muscle contraction
64
-stenosis
constriction, narrowing
65
-stomy
creation of an artificial opening
66
-thorax
chest
67
-tomy
cut into, incision
68
adenoidtis
inflammation of adenoids
69
alveolitis
inflammation of alveolus
70
atelectasis
incomplete expansion (of the lungs)
72
bronchiectasis
dilation of bronchi
73
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
74
bronchogenic carcinoma
cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus
75
bronchopneumonia
diseased state of the bronchi and lungs (caused by infection
76
diaphragmatocele
hernia of the diaphragm
77
epiglottitis
inflammation of the epiglottis
78
hemothorax
blood in the chest (pleural space)
79
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
80
laryngotracheobronchitis
inflammation of larynx, trachea, bronchi (croup)
81
lobar pneumonia
pertaining to the lobe, diseased state of the lung (infection of one or more lobes of the lung)
82
nasopharyngitis
inflammation of the nose and pharynx
83
pansinusitis
inflammation of all sinuses
84
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
85
pleuritis
inflammation of the pleura (pleurisy)
86
pneumatocele
hernia of the lung (lung tissue protrudes through an opening in the chest)
87
pneumoconiosis
abnormal condition of dust in the lungs
88
pneumonia
diseased state of the lung (infection & inflammation caused by bacteria
89
pneumonitis
inflammation of the lung
90
pneumothorax
air in the chest, which causes collapse of the lung (result of open chest wound)
91
pulmonary neoplasm
pertaining to the lung, new growth (tumor)
92
pyothorax
pus in the chest (empyema)
93
rhinitis
inflammation of the (mucous membrane) nose
94
rhinomycosis
abnormal condition of fungus in the nose
95
rhinorrhagia
rapid flow of blood from the nose (epistaxis)
96
thoracalgia
pain in the chest
97
tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils
98
tracheitis
inflammation of the trachea
99
tracheostenosis
narrowing of the trachea
100
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury
101
asthma
respiratory disease characterized by paroxysms of coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath
caused by constriction of airways
102
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
progressive lung disease that restricts air flow, which makes breathing difficult
103
coccidioidmycosis
fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body (valley fever)
104
cor pulmonale
serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders
105
croup
condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, stridor
106
cystic fibrosis (CF)
hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency
107
deviated septum
one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum
108
emphysema
stretching of lung tissue caused by alveoli becoming distended and losing elasticity
109
epistaxis
nosebleed (rhinorrhagia)
110
influenza
highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus (flu)
111
legionnaire disease
a lobar pneumonia caused by acteria
112
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absence of breathing
113
pertussis
highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by an acute crowning inspiration (whooping cough)
114
pleural effusion
fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma
115
pulmonary edema
fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles
116
pulmonary embolism (PE)
matter foreign to circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and veins, where it blocks circulation to the lungs and can be fatal.
117
tuberculosis (TB)
an infectious disease, caused by an acid-fast bacillus, spread by inhalation of small particles usually affecting the lungs
118
upper respiratory infection (URI)
infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx (cold)
119
adenoidectomy
excision of the adenoids
120
adenotome
surgical instrument used to cut the adenoids
121
bronchoplasty
surgical repair of a bronchus
122
laryngectomy
excision of the larynx
123
laryngoplasty
surgical repair of the larynx
124
laryngostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the larynx
125
laryngotracheotomy
incision of the larynx and trachea
126
lobectomy
excision of a lobe (of the lung)
127
pleuropexy
surgical fixation of the pleura
128
pneumobronchotomy
incision of lung and bronchus
129
pneumonectomy
excision of a lung
130
rhinoplasty
surgical repair of the nose
131
septoplasty
surgical repair of the nasal septum
132
septotomy
incision into the nasal septum
133
sinusotomy
incision of a sinus
134
thoracocentesis
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity (thoracentesis)
135
thoracotomy
incision into the chest cavity
136
tonsillectomy
excision of the tonsils
137
tracheoplasty
surgical repair of the trachea
138
tracheostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the trachea
139
tracheotomy
incision of the trachea
140
bronchoscope
instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi
141
bronchoscopy
visual examination of the bronchi
142
endoscope
instrument used for visual examination within a hollow organ or body cavity
143
endoscopic
pertaining to visual examination within a hollow organ or body cavity
144
endoscopy
visual examination within a hollow organ or body cavity
145
laryngoscope
instrument used for visual examination of the larynx
146
laryngoscopy
visual examination of the larynx
147
thoracoscope
instrument used for visual examination of the thorax
148
thoracosscopy
visual examination of the thorax
149
capnometer
instrument used to measure carbon dioxide (levels in expired gas)
150
oximeter
instrument used to measure oxygen (saturation in the blood)
151
spirometer
instrument used to measure breathing (or lung volumes)
152
polysomnography (PSG)
process of recording many tests during sleep
(performed to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea)
153
radiography
produces images of internal organs by using ionizing radiation
154
nuclear medicine
produces scans by using radioactive material
155
ultrasonography
produces scans by using high-frequency sound waves
156
computed tomography
produces scans of computerized images of body organs in sectional slices
157
magnetic resonance imaging
produces scans that give information about the bodys anatomy by placing the patient on a magnetic field
158
chest computed tomography (CT) scan
computerized images of the chest created in sections sliced from front to back
performed to diagnose tumors, abscesses, pleural effusion
159
chest radiograph (CXR)
radiographic image of the chest performed to evaluate the lungs and the heart (chest x-ray)
160
ventilation-perfusion scanning (VPS)
a nuclear medicine procedure performed to diagnose a pulmonary embolism and other disorders (lung scan)
161
acid-fast bacilli (SFB) smear
a test performed on septum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which cause tuberculosis
162
arterial blood gases (ABGs)
a test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, other gases present
163
peak flow meter (PFM)
a portable instrument used to measure how fast air can be pushed out of the lung
used to help monitor asthma
164
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
a group of tests performed to measure breathing and used to determine respiratory function
165
pulse oximetry
a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the fingertip
166
auscultation
the act of listening for sounds within the body through a stethoscope
used for diagnosing conditions of the lungs, pleura, heart, abdomen
167
percussion
the act of tapping of a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of the part beneath by the sound obtained
168
PPD (purified protein derivative)
a test performed on individuals who have recently been exposed to tuberculosis (TB skin test)
169
stethoscope
in instrument used to hear internal body sounds
170
acapnia
condition of absence (less than normal levels) of carbon dioxide (in the blood)
171
alveolar
pertaining to the alveolus
172
anoxia
condition of absence (deficiency) of oxygen
173
aphonia
condition of absence of voice
174
apnea
absence of breathing
175
bronchoalveolar
pertaining to the bronchi and alveoli
176
bronchospasm
spasmodic contraction in the bronchi
177
diaphragmatic
pertaining to the diaphragm (phrenic)
178
dysphonia
condition of difficult speaking (voice)
179
dyspnea
difficult breathing
180
endotracheal
pertaining to within the trachea
181
eupnea
normal breathing
182
hypercapnia
condition of excessive carbon dioxide (in the blood)
183
hypernea
excessive breathing
184
hypocapnia
condition of deficient carbon dioxide (in the blood)
185
hyponea
deficient breathing
186
hypoxemia
condition of deficient oxygen in the blood
187
hypoxia
condition of deficient oxygen (to the tissues)
188
intrapleural
pertaining to within the pleura (space between the two pleural membranes)
189
laryngeal
pertaining to the larynx
190
laryngospasm
spasmodic contraction of the larynx
191
mucoid
resembling mucus
192
mucous
pertaining to mucus
193
nasopharyngeal
pertaining to the nose and pharynx
194
orthopnea
able to breathe easier in a straight (upright) position
195
phrenalgia
pain in the diaphragm (diaphramalgia)
196
phrenospasm
spasm of the diaphragm
197
pulmonary
pertaining to the lungs
198
pulmonologist
a physician who studies and treats diseases of the lung
199
pulmonology
study of the lung
200
rhinorrhea
discharge from the nose
201
tachypnea
rapid breathing
202
thoracic
pertaining to the chest
203
airway
passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as mechanical device used to keep the air passageway unobstructed
204
asphyxia
deprivation of oxygen for tissue use
suffocation
205
aspirate
to withdraw fluid or suction fluid
also to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract
206
bronchoconstrictor
agent causing narrowing of the bronchi
207
bronchodilator
agent causing the bronchi to widen
208
cough
sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs
209
hiccup
sudden catching of breath with a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm
210
hyperventilation
ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs
211
hypoventilation
ventilation of the lungs that doesn't fulfill the bodys gas exchange needs
212
mucopurulent
containing both mucus and pus
213
mucus
slimy fluid secreted by mucus membranes
214
nebulizer
device that creates a mist to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment
215
nosocomial infection
an infection acquired during hospitalization
216
paroxysm
periodic, sudden attack
217
patent
open, allowing passage of air
218
sputum
mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth
219
ventilator
mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing
220
ABGs
arterial blood gases
221
AFB
acid-fast bacilli
222
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
223
CF
cystic fibrosis
224
CO2
carbon dioxide
225
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
226
CT
computed tomography
227
CXR
chest radiograph
228
flu
influenza
229
LLL
left lower lobe
230
LTB
laryngotracheobronchitis
231
LUL
left upper lobe
232
O2
oxygen
233
OSA
obstructive sleep apnea
234
PE
pulmonary embolism
235
PFM
peak flow meter
236
PFTs
pulmonary function tests
237
PSG
polysomnography
238
RLL
right lower lobe
239
RML
right middle lobe
240
RUL
right upper lobe
241
SOB
shortness of breath
242
TB
tuberculosis
243
URI
upper respiratory infection
244