chapter 2 Flashcards

(152 cards)

0
Q

cell membrane

A

forms the boundary of the cell

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1
Q

cell

A

basic unit of all living things

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2
Q

cytoplasm

A

gel-like fluid inside the cell

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3
Q

nucleus

A

spherical, centrally located

contains chromosomes for cellular repro, control center of the cell

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4
Q

chromosomes

A

located in nucleus, 46 in normal cells

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5
Q

genes

A

regions within the chromosome, determine hereditary characteristics

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6
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

compromises a gene

regulates the activities of a cell

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7
Q

tissue

A

a group of similar cells that perform a specific function

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8
Q

muscle tissue

A

composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, producing movement

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9
Q

nervous tissue

A

found in nerves, spinal cord, brain

coordinating & controlling body activities

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10
Q

connective tissue

A

connects, supports, penetrates, encases various body structures
ex: adipose, osseous, blood

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11
Q

epithelial tissue

A

major covering of the external surface of the body

lines body cavities and organs

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12
Q

organ

A

2+ kinds of tissue that together perform special body functions

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13
Q

system

A

group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions

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14
Q

integumentary system

A

composed of skin, nails, glands

forms protective covering for the body, regulates body temp, helps manufacture vitamin D

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15
Q

respiratory system

A

composed of nose, pharynx(throat), larynx(voice box), trachea(windpipe), bronchial tubes, lungs
performs respiration which provides for the exchange of O2 & CO2 within the body

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16
Q

urinary system

A

composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

removes waste material from the body regulates fluid volume, maintains electrolyte concentration

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17
Q

reproductive system

A

composed of ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, testes, urethra, penis, prostate gland, associated tubes
responsible for heredity and reproduction

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18
Q

cardiovascular system

A

composed of heart, blood vessels

pumps and transports blood throughout the body

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19
Q

lymphatic system

A

composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, organs

provides defense against infection

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20
Q

digestive system

A

composed of gastrointestinal tract(esophagus, stomach, large & small intestine, accessory organs, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
prepares food for the use of body cells and eliminates waste

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21
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

composed of muscle, bone, joints

provides movement and framework for the body, protects vital organs, stores calcium, produces red blood cells

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22
Q

nervous system

A

composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves

regulates body activities by sending and receiving messages

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23
Q

endocrine system

A

composed of glands that secrete hormones

regulate many body activities

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24
cranial cavity
space inside the skull (cranium) containing the brain
25
spinal cavity
space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord
26
thoracic/chest cavity
space containing the heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi
27
abdominal cavity
space containing the stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, ureters
28
pelvic cavity
space containing the urinary bladder, certain repro organs, parts of the small & large intestines, rectum
29
abdominopelvic cavity
both the pelvic and abdominal cavities
30
cancer/o, carcin/o
cancer
31
eti/o
cause (of disease)
32
gno/o
knowledge
33
iatr/o
physician, medicine, treatment
34
lei/o
smooth
35
onc/o
tumor, mass
36
path/o
disease
37
rhabd/o
rod-shaped, striated
38
somat/o
body
39
chlor/o
green
40
chrom/o
color
41
cyan/o
blue
42
erythr/o
red
43
leuk/o
white
44
melan/o
black
45
xanth/o
yellow
46
dia-
through, complete
47
dys-
painful, abnormal, difficult, labored
48
hyper-
above, excessive
49
hypo-
below, incomplete, deficient
50
meta-
after, beyond, change
51
neo-
new
52
pro-
before
53
-al, -ic, -ous
pertaining to
54
-cyte
cell
55
-gen
substance or agent that produces or causes
56
-genic
producing, originating, causing
57
-logist
one who studies and treats
58
-logy
study of
59
-oid
resembling
60
-oma
tumor, swelling
61
-osis
abnormal condition
62
-pathy
disease
63
-plasia
condition of formation, development, growth
64
-plasm
growth, substance, formation
65
-sarcoma
malignant tumor
66
-sis
state of
67
-stasis
control, stop, standing
68
adenocarcinoma
cancerous tumor of glandular tissue
69
adenoma
tumor composed of glandular tissue (benign)
70
carcinoma (CA)
cancerous tumor (malignant)
71
chloroma
tumor of green tissue (malignant, arising from myeloid tissue)
72
epothelioma
tumor composed of epithelium (may be benign or malignant)
73
fibroma
tumor composed of fiber (benign)
74
fibrosarcoma
malignant tumor composed of fiber
75
leiomyoma
tumor composed of smooth muscle (benign)
76
leiomyosarcoma
malignant tumor of smooth muscle
77
lipoma
tumor composed of fat (benign)
78
liposarcoma
malignant tumor of fat
79
melanocarcinoma
cancerous black tumor (malignant)
80
melanoma
black tumor (primarily of the skin)
81
myoma
tumor composed of muscle (benign)
82
neoplasm
new growth (of abnormal tissue or tumor)
83
neuroma
tumor composed of nerve (benign)
84
rhabdomyoma
tumor comprised of striated muscle (benign)
85
rhabdomyosarcoma
malignant tumor of striated muscle
86
sarcoma
tumor of connective tissue, such as bone or cartilage (highly malignant)
87
cytogenic
producing cells
88
cytoid
resembling a cell
89
cytology
study of cells
90
cytoplasm
cell structure
91
dysplasia
abnormal development
92
epithelial
pertaining to the epithelium
93
erythrocyte (RBC)
red (blood) cell
94
erythrocytosis
increase in the number of red (blood) cells
95
histology
study of tissue
96
hyperplasia
excessive development (number of cells)
97
hypoplasia
incomplete development (of an organ or tissues)
98
karyocyte
cell with a nucleus
99
karyoplasm
substance of a nucleus
100
leukocyte (WBC)
white (blood) cell
101
leukocytosis
increase in the number of white (blood) cells
102
lipoid
resembling fat
103
myopathy
disease of the muscle
104
neuroid
resembling a nerve
105
somatic
pertaining to the body
106
somatogenic
originating in the body
107
somatopathy
disease of the body
108
somatoplasm
body substance
109
systemic
pertaining to a (body) system (or the body as a whole)
110
visceral
pertaining to the internal organs
111
cancerous
pertaining to cancer
112
carcinogen
substance that causes cancer
113
carcinogenic
producing cancer
114
cyanosis
abnormal condition of blueish skin
115
diagnosis (Dx)
state of complete knowledge (identifying a disease)
116
etiology
study of causes (of diseases)
117
iatrogenic
produced by a physician (the unexpected results from a treatment prescribed by a physician)
118
iatrology
study of medicine
119
metastasis (mets) (pl. metastases)
beyond control (spread of disease from one organ to another, as in the transfer of malignant tumors)
120
neopathy
new disease
121
oncogenic
causing tumors
122
oncologist
a physician who studies and treats tumors
123
oncology
study of tumors
124
organic
pertaining to an organ
125
organoid
resembling an organ
126
pathogenic
producing a disease
127
pathologist
a physician who studies diseases
128
pathology
study of disease
129
prognosis (Px)
state of before knowledge (prediction of the outcome of disease)
130
xanthochromic
pertaining to yellow color
131
xanthosis
abnormal condition of yellow (discoloration)
132
benign
not malignant, noncurrent, favorable for recovery
133
carcinoma in situ
cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue
134
chemotherapy (chemo)
treatment of cancer with drugs
135
encapsulated
enclosed in a capsule, as with benign tumors
136
exacerbation
increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms
137
idiopathic
pertaining to disease of unknown origin
138
inflammation
response to injury or destruction of tissue characterized by redness, swelling, heat, pain
139
in vitro
within a glass, observable within a test tube
140
in vivo
within the living body
141
malignant
tending to become progressively worse and to cause death, as in cancer
142
radiation therapy (XRT)
treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation
143
remission
improvement or absence of signs of disease
144
CA
carcinoma
145
chemo
chemotherapy
146
Dx
diagnosis
147
mets
metastasis
148
Px
prognosis
149
RBC
red blood cell
150
XRT
radiation therapy
151
WBC
white blood cell