chapter 14 Flashcards
(244 cards)
1
Q
periosteum
A
outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue
2
Q
compact bone
A
dense, hard layers of bone tissue, lie underneath periosteum
3
Q
cancellous (spongy) bone
A
contains little spaces like a sponge and is encased in layers of compact bone
4
Q
endosteum
A
membranous lining of hollow cavity of bone
5
Q
diaphysis
A
shaft of the long bone
6
Q
epiphysis
A
end of each long bone
7
Q
bone marrow
A
material found in cavities of bones
8
Q
red marrow
A
thick, bloodlike material
found in flat bones & @ ends of long bones
location of blood cell formation
9
Q
yellow marrow
A
soft, fatty material found in medullary cavity of long bones
10
Q
maxilla
A
upper jawbone
11
Q
mandible
A
lower jawbone
12
Q
vertebral column
A
made up of vertebrae through which the spinal cord runs
protects spinal cord, supports the head, provides points of attachment for ribs and muscles
13
Q
cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)
A
first set of 7 bones, forming the neck
14
Q
thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
A
second set of 12 vertebrae, articulate with the ribs, form outward curve of spine
15
Q
lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)
A
third set of 5 vertebrae, larger, form outward curve of the spine
16
Q
sacrum
A
5 vertebrae, fused together to form a triangular bone positioned between the two hip bones
17
Q
coccyx
A
4 vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone
18
Q
lamina
A
part of the vertebral arch
19
Q
clavicle
A
collarbone
20
Q
scapula
A
shoulder blade
21
Q
acromion process
A
extension of the scapula, forms the high point of the shoulder
22
Q
sternum
A
breastbone
23
Q
xiphoid process
A
lower portion of the sternum
24
Q
humerus
A
upper arm bone
25
ulna & radius
lower arm bones
26
olecranon process
projection at upper end of ulna that forms the bony point of the elbow
27
carpal bones
wrist bones
28
phalanges
finger and toe bones
29
metacarpal bones
hand bones
30
pelvic bone, hip bone
made up of three bones fused together
31
ischium
lower, rear portion on which one sits
32
ilium
upper, wing-shaped part on each side
33
pubis
anterior portion of the pelvic bone
34
acetabulum
large socket in the pelvic bone for the head of the femur
35
tibia & fibula
lower leg bones
36
femur
upper leg bone
37
patella
kneecap
38
tarsal bones
ankle bones
39
calcaneous
heel bone
40
metatarsal bones
foot bones
41
articular cartilage
smooth layer of firm, fibrous tissue covering the contacting surface of joints
42
meniscus
crescent shaped cartilage found in the knee
43
intervertebral disk
cartilaginous pad found between the vertebrae in the spine
44
pubic symphysis
cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones come together
45
synovia
fluid secreted by the synovial membrane and found in the joint cavities
46
bursa
fluid filled sac that allows for easy movements of one part of the joint over the other
47
ligament
flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint
48
tendon
band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
49
aponeurosis
strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscle to bone
50
skeletal muscles (striated)
attached to bones by tendons and make body movement possible, voluntary muscles
51
smooth muscles (unstriated)
located in internal organs, involuntary muscles
52
cardiac muscle (myocardium)
forms most of the wall of the heart, involuntary contraction produces heartbeat
53
abduction
moving away from the midline
54
adduction
moving toward the midline
55
inversion
turning inward
56
eversion
turning outward
57
extension
movement in which a limb is placed in a straight position
58
flexion
movement in which a limb is bent
59
pronation
movement that turns the palm down
60
supination
movement that turns the palm up
61
rotation
turning around its own axis
62
carp/o
carpals
63
clavic/o
| clavicul/o
clavicle
64
cost/o
rib
65
crani/o
carnium
66
femor/o
femur
67
fibul/o
fibula
68
humer/o
humerus
69
ili/o
ilium
70
ischi/o
ischium
71
lumb/o
loin, lumbar region of spine
72
mandibul/o
mandible
73
maxill/o
maxilla
74
patell/o
patella
75
pelv/i
| pelv/o
pelvis, pelvic bone
76
phalang/o
phalanges
77
pub/o
pubis
78
rachi/o
spine, vertebral column
79
radi/o
radius
80
sacr/o
sacrum
81
scapul/o
scapula
82
spondyl/o
| vertebr/o
vertebra
83
stern/o
sternum
84
tars/o
tarsals
85
tibi/o
tibia
86
uln/o
ulna
87
aponeur/o
aponeurosis
88
arthr/o
joint
89
burs/o
bursa (cavity)
90
chondr/o
cartilage
91
disk/o
intervertebral disk
92
menisc/o
meniscus
93
synovi/o
synovia, synovial membrane
94
ten/o
tend/o
tendin/o
tendon
95
ankyl/o
crooked, stiff, bent
96
kinesi/o
movement, motion
97
kyph/o
hump (increased convexity of the spine)
98
lamin/o
lamina( thin, flat plate or layer)
99
lord/o
bent forward (increased concavity of the spine)
100
myel/o
bone marrow
101
my/o
| myos/o
muscle
102
oste/o
bone
103
petr/o
stone
104
scoli/o
crooked, curved
105
inter-
between
106
supra-
above
107
sym-
| syn-
together, joined
108
-asthenia
weakness
109
- clasia
- clasis
- clast
break
110
-desis
surgical fixation, fusion
111
-physis
growth
112
-schisis
split, fissure
113
ankylosis
abnormal condition of stiffness
114
arthritis
inflammation of a joint
115
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa sac
116
chondromalacia
softening of cartilage
117
cranioschisis
fissure of the skull
118
diskitis
inflammation of an intervertebral disk
119
fibromyalgia
pain in the fibrous tissues and muscles
120
kyphosis
abnormal condition of a hump(increased convexity) (hunchback)
121
lordosis
abnormal condition of bending forward (increased concavity)
122
maxillitis
inflammation of the maxilla
123
meniscitis
inflammation of the meniscus
124
myasthenia
muscle weakness
125
myeloma
tumor of the bone marrow
126
osteitis
inflammation of the bone
127
osteoarthritis (OA)
inflammation of the bone and joint
128
osteochondritis
inflammation of the bone and cartilage
129
osteofibroma
tumor of the bone and fibrous tissue
130
osteomalacia
softening of the bone
131
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow
132
osteopenia
abnormal reduction of bone mass
133
osteopetrosis
abnormal condition of stonelike bones
134
osteosarcoma
malignant tumor of the bone
135
polymyositis
inflammation of many muscles
136
rachischisis
fissure of the vertebral column
137
rhabdomyolysis
dissolution of striated muscle
138
sarcopenia
abnormal reduction of connective tissue
139
scoliosis
abnormal condition of lateral curved spine
140
spondylarthritis
inflammation of vertebral joints
141
spondylosis
abnormal condition of the vertebra
142
synoviosarcoma
malignant tumor of the synovial membrane
143
tendinitis
inflammation of a tendon
144
tenosynovitis
inflammation of the tendom and synovial membrane
145
ankylosing spondylitis
form of arthritis that first affects the spine and adjacent structures and causes a forward bend of the spine
146
bunion
abnormal prominence of the joint at the base of the great toe
147
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
common nerve entrapment disorder of the wrist caused by the compression of the median nerve
148
colles fracture
wrist fracture, distal end of radius , distal fragment being displaced backward
149
exostosis
abnormal benign growth on the surface of a bone (spur)
150
fracture (fx)
broken bone
151
gout
disease where an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium urate crystals to be deposited in the joints (esp great toe)
152
herniated disk
rupture of intervertebral disk cartilage which allows the contents to protrude through it, putting pressure on spinal nerve roots
153
lyme disease
infection caused by bacteria carried by deer ticks
154
muscular dystrophy (MD)
group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness
155
myasthenia gravis (MG)
chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness, caused by defect in transmission of impulse from nerve to muscle cell
156
osteoporosis
abnormal loss of bone density that may lead to an increase in fractures of the ribs, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, hips, wrists after slight trauma
157
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
chronic systemic disease characterized by autoimmune inflammatory changes in the connective tissue throughout the body
158
spinal stenosis
narrowing of the spinal cord with compression of nerve roots
159
spondylolisthesis
forward slipping of one vertebra over another
160
aponeurorrhaphy
suture of an aponeurosis
161
arthrocentesis
surgical puncture of a joint to aspirate fluid
162
arthroclasia
(surgical) breaking of a stiff joint
163
arthrodesis
surgical fixation of a joint
164
arthroplasty
surgical repair of a joint
165
bursectomy
excision of a bursa
166
carpectomy
excision of a carpal bone
167
chondrectomy
excision of a cartilage
168
chondroplasty
surgical repair of a cartilage
169
costectomy
excision of a rib
170
cranioplasty
surgical repair of the skull
171
craniotomy
incision of the skull
172
diskectomy
excision of an intervertebral disk
173
laminectomy
excision of a lamina
174
maxillectomy
excision of the maxilla
175
meniscectomy
excision of the meniscus
176
myorrhaphy
suture of a muscle
177
osteoclasis
(surgical) breaking of a bone to correct deformity
178
patellectomy
excision of the patella
179
phalangectomy
excision of a finger or toe bone
180
rachiotomy
incision into the vertebral column
181
spondylosyndesis
fusing together of the vertebrae
182
synovectomy
excision of the synovial membrane
183
tarsectomy
excision of tarsal bones
184
tenomyoplasty
surgical repair of the tendon and muscle
185
tenorrhaphy
suture of a tendon
186
vertebroplasty
surgical repair of the vertebra
187
arthrography
radiographic image of a joint
188
arthroscopy
visual examination of a joint
189
electromyogram (EMG)
record of (intrinsic) electrical activity in a (skeletal) muscle
190
arthralgia
pain in the joint
191
atrophy
without development (wasting)
192
bradykinesia
slow movement
193
carpal
pertaining to the wrist
194
clavicular
pertaining to the clavicle
195
cranial
pertaining to the cranium
196
dyskinesia
difficult movement
197
dystrophy
abnormal development
198
femoral
pertaining to the femur
199
humoral
pertaining to the humerus
200
hyperkinesia
excessive movement (overactive)
201
hypertrophy
excessive development
202
iliofemoral
pertaining to the ilium and femur
203
intercostal
pertaining to between the ribs
204
intervertebral
pertaining to between the vertebrae
205
intracranial
pertaining to within the cranium
206
ischiofibular
pertaining to the ischium and fibula
207
ischiopubic
pertaining to the ischium and pubis
208
lumbar
pertaining to the loins (lower back)
209
lumbocostal
pertaining to the loins(lower back) and ribs
210
lumbosacral
pertaining to the lumbar region and sacrum
211
osteoblast
developing bone cell
212
osteocyte
bone cell
213
osteonecrosis
abnormal death of bone (tissue)
214
pelvic
pertaining to the pelvis
215
pelvisacral
pertaining to the pelvis and sacrum
216
pubic
pertaining to the pubis
217
pubofemoral
pertaining to the pubis and femur
218
radial
pertaining to the radius
219
sacral
pertaining to the sacrum
220
sternoclavicular
pertaining to the sternum and clavicle
221
sternoid
resembling the sternum
222
subcostal
pertaining to below the rib
223
submandibular
pertaining to below the mandible
224
submaxillary
pertaining to below the maxilla
225
subscapular
pertaining to below the scapula
226
substernal
pertaining to below the sternum
227
suprapatellar
pertaining to above the patella
228
suprascapular
pertaining to above the scapula
229
symphysis
growing together
230
tibial
pertaining to the tibia
231
ulnoradial
pertaining to the ulna and radius
232
vertebrocostal
pertaining to the vertebrae and ribs
233
chiropodist,
| podiatrist
specialist in treating and diagnosing diseases and disorders of the foot
234
chiropractic
system of treatment that consists of manipulation of the vertebral column
235
chiropractor
specialist in chiropractic
236
crepitus
crackling sound heard when 2 bones rub against each other or grating caused by rubbing together of dry surfaces of a joint
237
orthopedics (ortho)
branch of medicine dealing with study and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system
238
orthopedist
physician who specializes in orthopedics
239
othotics
making and fitting of orthopedic appliances
240
orthotist
person who specializes in orthotics
241
osteoclast
type of bone cell involved in absorption and removal of bone minerals
242
osteopath
physician who specializes in osteopathy
243
osteopathy
system of medicine that uses the usual forms of diagnosis and treatment but places greater emphasis on the role of the relation between body organs and the musculoskeletal system
244
prosthesis
an artificial substitute for a missing body part such as arm, leg, eye, hip
