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Medical Terminology > chapter 14 > Flashcards

chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

periosteum

A

outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue

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2
Q

compact bone

A

dense, hard layers of bone tissue, lie underneath periosteum

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3
Q

cancellous (spongy) bone

A

contains little spaces like a sponge and is encased in layers of compact bone

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4
Q

endosteum

A

membranous lining of hollow cavity of bone

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5
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of the long bone

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6
Q

epiphysis

A

end of each long bone

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7
Q

bone marrow

A

material found in cavities of bones

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8
Q

red marrow

A

thick, bloodlike material
found in flat bones & @ ends of long bones
location of blood cell formation

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9
Q

yellow marrow

A

soft, fatty material found in medullary cavity of long bones

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10
Q

maxilla

A

upper jawbone

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11
Q

mandible

A

lower jawbone

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12
Q

vertebral column

A

made up of vertebrae through which the spinal cord runs

protects spinal cord, supports the head, provides points of attachment for ribs and muscles

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13
Q

cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)

A

first set of 7 bones, forming the neck

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14
Q

thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)

A

second set of 12 vertebrae, articulate with the ribs, form outward curve of spine

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15
Q

lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)

A

third set of 5 vertebrae, larger, form outward curve of the spine

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16
Q

sacrum

A

5 vertebrae, fused together to form a triangular bone positioned between the two hip bones

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17
Q

coccyx

A

4 vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone

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18
Q

lamina

A

part of the vertebral arch

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19
Q

clavicle

A

collarbone

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20
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade

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21
Q

acromion process

A

extension of the scapula, forms the high point of the shoulder

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22
Q

sternum

A

breastbone

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23
Q

xiphoid process

A

lower portion of the sternum

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24
Q

humerus

A

upper arm bone

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25
Q

ulna & radius

A

lower arm bones

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26
Q

olecranon process

A

projection at upper end of ulna that forms the bony point of the elbow

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27
Q

carpal bones

A

wrist bones

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28
Q

phalanges

A

finger and toe bones

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29
Q

metacarpal bones

A

hand bones

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30
Q

pelvic bone, hip bone

A

made up of three bones fused together

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31
Q

ischium

A

lower, rear portion on which one sits

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32
Q

ilium

A

upper, wing-shaped part on each side

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33
Q

pubis

A

anterior portion of the pelvic bone

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34
Q

acetabulum

A

large socket in the pelvic bone for the head of the femur

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35
Q

tibia & fibula

A

lower leg bones

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36
Q

femur

A

upper leg bone

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37
Q

patella

A

kneecap

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38
Q

tarsal bones

A

ankle bones

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39
Q

calcaneous

A

heel bone

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40
Q

metatarsal bones

A

foot bones

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41
Q

articular cartilage

A

smooth layer of firm, fibrous tissue covering the contacting surface of joints

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42
Q

meniscus

A

crescent shaped cartilage found in the knee

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43
Q

intervertebral disk

A

cartilaginous pad found between the vertebrae in the spine

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44
Q

pubic symphysis

A

cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones come together

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45
Q

synovia

A

fluid secreted by the synovial membrane and found in the joint cavities

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46
Q

bursa

A

fluid filled sac that allows for easy movements of one part of the joint over the other

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47
Q

ligament

A

flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint

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48
Q

tendon

A

band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

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49
Q

aponeurosis

A

strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscle to bone

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50
Q

skeletal muscles (striated)

A

attached to bones by tendons and make body movement possible, voluntary muscles

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51
Q

smooth muscles (unstriated)

A

located in internal organs, involuntary muscles

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52
Q

cardiac muscle (myocardium)

A

forms most of the wall of the heart, involuntary contraction produces heartbeat

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53
Q

abduction

A

moving away from the midline

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54
Q

adduction

A

moving toward the midline

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55
Q

inversion

A

turning inward

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56
Q

eversion

A

turning outward

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57
Q

extension

A

movement in which a limb is placed in a straight position

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58
Q

flexion

A

movement in which a limb is bent

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59
Q

pronation

A

movement that turns the palm down

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60
Q

supination

A

movement that turns the palm up

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61
Q

rotation

A

turning around its own axis

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62
Q

carp/o

A

carpals

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63
Q

clavic/o

clavicul/o

A

clavicle

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64
Q

cost/o

A

rib

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65
Q

crani/o

A

carnium

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66
Q

femor/o

A

femur

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67
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula

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68
Q

humer/o

A

humerus

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69
Q

ili/o

A

ilium

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70
Q

ischi/o

A

ischium

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71
Q

lumb/o

A

loin, lumbar region of spine

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72
Q

mandibul/o

A

mandible

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73
Q

maxill/o

A

maxilla

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74
Q

patell/o

A

patella

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75
Q

pelv/i

pelv/o

A

pelvis, pelvic bone

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76
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges

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77
Q

pub/o

A

pubis

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78
Q

rachi/o

A

spine, vertebral column

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79
Q

radi/o

A

radius

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80
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

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81
Q

scapul/o

A

scapula

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82
Q

spondyl/o

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

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83
Q

stern/o

A

sternum

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84
Q

tars/o

A

tarsals

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85
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia

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86
Q

uln/o

A

ulna

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87
Q

aponeur/o

A

aponeurosis

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88
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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89
Q

burs/o

A

bursa (cavity)

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90
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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91
Q

disk/o

A

intervertebral disk

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92
Q

menisc/o

A

meniscus

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93
Q

synovi/o

A

synovia, synovial membrane

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94
Q

ten/o
tend/o
tendin/o

A

tendon

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95
Q

ankyl/o

A

crooked, stiff, bent

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96
Q

kinesi/o

A

movement, motion

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97
Q

kyph/o

A

hump (increased convexity of the spine)

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98
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina( thin, flat plate or layer)

99
Q

lord/o

A

bent forward (increased concavity of the spine)

100
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

101
Q

my/o

myos/o

A

muscle

102
Q

oste/o

A

bone

103
Q

petr/o

A

stone

104
Q

scoli/o

A

crooked, curved

105
Q

inter-

A

between

106
Q

supra-

A

above

107
Q

sym-

syn-

A

together, joined

108
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness

109
Q
  • clasia
  • clasis
  • clast
A

break

110
Q

-desis

A

surgical fixation, fusion

111
Q

-physis

A

growth

112
Q

-schisis

A

split, fissure

113
Q

ankylosis

A

abnormal condition of stiffness

114
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint

115
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa sac

116
Q

chondromalacia

A

softening of cartilage

117
Q

cranioschisis

A

fissure of the skull

118
Q

diskitis

A

inflammation of an intervertebral disk

119
Q

fibromyalgia

A

pain in the fibrous tissues and muscles

120
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal condition of a hump(increased convexity) (hunchback)

121
Q

lordosis

A

abnormal condition of bending forward (increased concavity)

122
Q

maxillitis

A

inflammation of the maxilla

123
Q

meniscitis

A

inflammation of the meniscus

124
Q

myasthenia

A

muscle weakness

125
Q

myeloma

A

tumor of the bone marrow

126
Q

osteitis

A

inflammation of the bone

127
Q

osteoarthritis (OA)

A

inflammation of the bone and joint

128
Q

osteochondritis

A

inflammation of the bone and cartilage

129
Q

osteofibroma

A

tumor of the bone and fibrous tissue

130
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of the bone

131
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

132
Q

osteopenia

A

abnormal reduction of bone mass

133
Q

osteopetrosis

A

abnormal condition of stonelike bones

134
Q

osteosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of the bone

135
Q

polymyositis

A

inflammation of many muscles

136
Q

rachischisis

A

fissure of the vertebral column

137
Q

rhabdomyolysis

A

dissolution of striated muscle

138
Q

sarcopenia

A

abnormal reduction of connective tissue

139
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal condition of lateral curved spine

140
Q

spondylarthritis

A

inflammation of vertebral joints

141
Q

spondylosis

A

abnormal condition of the vertebra

142
Q

synoviosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of the synovial membrane

143
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of a tendon

144
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of the tendom and synovial membrane

145
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

form of arthritis that first affects the spine and adjacent structures and causes a forward bend of the spine

146
Q

bunion

A

abnormal prominence of the joint at the base of the great toe

147
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

A

common nerve entrapment disorder of the wrist caused by the compression of the median nerve

148
Q

colles fracture

A

wrist fracture, distal end of radius , distal fragment being displaced backward

149
Q

exostosis

A

abnormal benign growth on the surface of a bone (spur)

150
Q

fracture (fx)

A

broken bone

151
Q

gout

A

disease where an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium urate crystals to be deposited in the joints (esp great toe)

152
Q

herniated disk

A

rupture of intervertebral disk cartilage which allows the contents to protrude through it, putting pressure on spinal nerve roots

153
Q

lyme disease

A

infection caused by bacteria carried by deer ticks

154
Q

muscular dystrophy (MD)

A

group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness

155
Q

myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness, caused by defect in transmission of impulse from nerve to muscle cell

156
Q

osteoporosis

A

abnormal loss of bone density that may lead to an increase in fractures of the ribs, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, hips, wrists after slight trauma

157
Q

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

chronic systemic disease characterized by autoimmune inflammatory changes in the connective tissue throughout the body

158
Q

spinal stenosis

A

narrowing of the spinal cord with compression of nerve roots

159
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

forward slipping of one vertebra over another

160
Q

aponeurorrhaphy

A

suture of an aponeurosis

161
Q

arthrocentesis

A

surgical puncture of a joint to aspirate fluid

162
Q

arthroclasia

A

(surgical) breaking of a stiff joint

163
Q

arthrodesis

A

surgical fixation of a joint

164
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical repair of a joint

165
Q

bursectomy

A

excision of a bursa

166
Q

carpectomy

A

excision of a carpal bone

167
Q

chondrectomy

A

excision of a cartilage

168
Q

chondroplasty

A

surgical repair of a cartilage

169
Q

costectomy

A

excision of a rib

170
Q

cranioplasty

A

surgical repair of the skull

171
Q

craniotomy

A

incision of the skull

172
Q

diskectomy

A

excision of an intervertebral disk

173
Q

laminectomy

A

excision of a lamina

174
Q

maxillectomy

A

excision of the maxilla

175
Q

meniscectomy

A

excision of the meniscus

176
Q

myorrhaphy

A

suture of a muscle

177
Q

osteoclasis

A

(surgical) breaking of a bone to correct deformity

178
Q

patellectomy

A

excision of the patella

179
Q

phalangectomy

A

excision of a finger or toe bone

180
Q

rachiotomy

A

incision into the vertebral column

181
Q

spondylosyndesis

A

fusing together of the vertebrae

182
Q

synovectomy

A

excision of the synovial membrane

183
Q

tarsectomy

A

excision of tarsal bones

184
Q

tenomyoplasty

A

surgical repair of the tendon and muscle

185
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

suture of a tendon

186
Q

vertebroplasty

A

surgical repair of the vertebra

187
Q

arthrography

A

radiographic image of a joint

188
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of a joint

189
Q

electromyogram (EMG)

A

record of (intrinsic) electrical activity in a (skeletal) muscle

190
Q

arthralgia

A

pain in the joint

191
Q

atrophy

A

without development (wasting)

192
Q

bradykinesia

A

slow movement

193
Q

carpal

A

pertaining to the wrist

194
Q

clavicular

A

pertaining to the clavicle

195
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the cranium

196
Q

dyskinesia

A

difficult movement

197
Q

dystrophy

A

abnormal development

198
Q

femoral

A

pertaining to the femur

199
Q

humoral

A

pertaining to the humerus

200
Q

hyperkinesia

A

excessive movement (overactive)

201
Q

hypertrophy

A

excessive development

202
Q

iliofemoral

A

pertaining to the ilium and femur

203
Q

intercostal

A

pertaining to between the ribs

204
Q

intervertebral

A

pertaining to between the vertebrae

205
Q

intracranial

A

pertaining to within the cranium

206
Q

ischiofibular

A

pertaining to the ischium and fibula

207
Q

ischiopubic

A

pertaining to the ischium and pubis

208
Q

lumbar

A

pertaining to the loins (lower back)

209
Q

lumbocostal

A

pertaining to the loins(lower back) and ribs

210
Q

lumbosacral

A

pertaining to the lumbar region and sacrum

211
Q

osteoblast

A

developing bone cell

212
Q

osteocyte

A

bone cell

213
Q

osteonecrosis

A

abnormal death of bone (tissue)

214
Q

pelvic

A

pertaining to the pelvis

215
Q

pelvisacral

A

pertaining to the pelvis and sacrum

216
Q

pubic

A

pertaining to the pubis

217
Q

pubofemoral

A

pertaining to the pubis and femur

218
Q

radial

A

pertaining to the radius

219
Q

sacral

A

pertaining to the sacrum

220
Q

sternoclavicular

A

pertaining to the sternum and clavicle

221
Q

sternoid

A

resembling the sternum

222
Q

subcostal

A

pertaining to below the rib

223
Q

submandibular

A

pertaining to below the mandible

224
Q

submaxillary

A

pertaining to below the maxilla

225
Q

subscapular

A

pertaining to below the scapula

226
Q

substernal

A

pertaining to below the sternum

227
Q

suprapatellar

A

pertaining to above the patella

228
Q

suprascapular

A

pertaining to above the scapula

229
Q

symphysis

A

growing together

230
Q

tibial

A

pertaining to the tibia

231
Q

ulnoradial

A

pertaining to the ulna and radius

232
Q

vertebrocostal

A

pertaining to the vertebrae and ribs

233
Q

chiropodist,

podiatrist

A

specialist in treating and diagnosing diseases and disorders of the foot

234
Q

chiropractic

A

system of treatment that consists of manipulation of the vertebral column

235
Q

chiropractor

A

specialist in chiropractic

236
Q

crepitus

A

crackling sound heard when 2 bones rub against each other or grating caused by rubbing together of dry surfaces of a joint

237
Q

orthopedics (ortho)

A

branch of medicine dealing with study and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system

238
Q

orthopedist

A

physician who specializes in orthopedics

239
Q

othotics

A

making and fitting of orthopedic appliances

240
Q

orthotist

A

person who specializes in orthotics

241
Q

osteoclast

A

type of bone cell involved in absorption and removal of bone minerals

242
Q

osteopath

A

physician who specializes in osteopathy

243
Q

osteopathy

A

system of medicine that uses the usual forms of diagnosis and treatment but places greater emphasis on the role of the relation between body organs and the musculoskeletal system

244
Q

prosthesis

A

an artificial substitute for a missing body part such as arm, leg, eye, hip

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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