Flashcards in chapter 11 Deck (209):
0
mouth
opening through which food passes into the body
breaks food into small particles by mastication
1
tongue
consists of skeletal muscle
provides movement for food mastication
directs food to pharynx for swallowing
2
palate
separates nasal cavity from oral cavity
3
soft palate
posterior portion, not supported by bone
4
hard palate
anterior portion, supported by bone
5
uvula
soft v-shaped structure that extends from soft palate, directs food to throat
6
pharynx, throat
performs swallowing action that passes food from the mouth to the esophagus
7
esophagus
10in tube that is passageway for food extending from pharynx to stomach
peristalsis begins here
8
stomach
j-shaped sac that mixes and stores food
secretes chems for digestion
9
cardia
area around the opening of the esophagus
10
fundus
uppermost domed portion of the stomach
11
body
central portion of the stomach
12
antrum
lower portion of the stomach
13
pylorus
portion of stomach that connects to small intestine
14
pyloric sphincter
ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and duodenum
15
small intestine
20ft canal extending from pyloric sphincter
digestion completed
absorption, through villi
16
duodenum
first 10-12in of SI
17
jejunum
second portion of the small intestine, 8ft long
18
ileum
3rd portion of SI, 11ft long, connects with the large intestine
19
large intestine
canal, 5ft, extends from ileum to anus
absorption, elimination
20
cecum
blind u-shaped pouch that is the first portion of LI
21
colon
next portion of LI
divided in 4 parts: ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
22
rectum
remaining portion of LI, 8-10in, sigmoid colon to anus
23
anus
sphincter muscle at end of digestive tract
24
salivary glands
produce saliva
25
liver
produces bile
26
bile ducts
passageways that carry bile
hepatic-from liver
cystic-from gallbladder
common-to duodenum
27
gallbladder
small, saclike structure that stores bile
28
pancreas
produces pancreatic juice
secretes insulin
29
peritoneum
serous saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities
30
appendix
small pouch, attached to cecum, no known function
31
abdomen
portion of body between thorax and pelvis
32
an/o
anus
33
antr/o
antrum
34
cec/o
cecum
35
col/o
colon/o
colon (usually LI)
36
duoden/o
duodenum
37
enter/o
intestine (usually SI)
38
esophag/o
esophagus
39
gastr/o
stomach
40
ile/o
ileum
41
jejun/o
jejunum
42
or/o
stomat/o
mouth
43
proct/o
rect/o
rectum
44
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
45
abdomin/o
celi/o
lapar/o
abdomen (cavity)
46
append/o
appendic/o
appendix
47
cheil/o
lip
48
cholangi/o
bile duct
49
chol/e
gall, bile
50
choledoch/o
common bile duct
51
diverticul/o
diverticulum, blind pouch, extending from a hollow organ
52
gingiv/o
gum
53
gloss/o
lingu/o
tongue
54
hepat/o
liver
55
herni/o
hernia, protrusion of an organ through a membrane of cavity wall
56
palat/o
palate
57
pancreat/o
pancreas
58
peritone/o
peritoneum
59
polyp/o
polyp
small growth
60
pylor/o
pylorus, pyloric sphincter
61
sial/o
saliva, salivary gland
62
steat/o
fat
63
uvul/o
uvula
64
hemi-
half
65
-pepsia
digestion
66
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
67
cholangioma
tumor of the bile duct
68
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
69
choledocholithiasis
condition of stones in the common bile duct
70
cholelithasis
condition of gallstones
71
diverticulitis
inflammation of a diverticulum
72
diverticulosis
abnormal condition of having diverticula
73
esophagitis
inflammation of the esophagus
74
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
75
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and intestines
76
gastroenterocolitis
inflammation of the stomach, intestines, colon
77
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
78
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
79
hepatoma
tumor of the liver
80
palatitis
inflammation of the palate
81
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
82
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
83
polyposis
abnormal condition of multiple polyps
84
proctoptosis
prolapse of the rectum
85
rectocele
protrusion of the rectum
86
sialolith
stone in salivary gland
87
steatohepatitis
inflammation of the liver associated with fat
88
uvulitis
inflammation of the uvula
89
adhesion
abnormal growing together of 2 surfaces that normally are separated
90
anorexia nervosa
eating disorder characterized by a prolonged refusal to eat, resulting in emaciation, amenorrhea in females, abnormal fear of becoming obese
91
bulimia nervosa
eating disorder involving gorging with food, followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse (binging, purging)
92
celiac disease
malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gluten, which may damage the lining of the SI that is responsible for absorption of food into the bloodstream
93
cirrhosis
chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of the cells and formation of scar tissue
94
crohn disease
chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually affecting the ileum and colon; formation of scar tissue that may lead to intestinal obstruction
95
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
abnormal backward flow of gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus, causing heart burn and gradual breakdown of mucus barrier of esophagus
96
hemochromatosis
iron metabolism disorder that occurs when two much iron is absorbed from food, resulting in excessive deposits of iron in the tissue
can cause congestive heart failure, diabetes, cirrhosis
97
hemorrhoids
swollen or distended veins in the rectal area
98
ileus
obstruction of the intestine, often caused by failure of peristalsis
99
intussusception
telescoping of a segment of the intestine
100
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
periodic disturbances of bowel function
101
obesity
excess of body fat
102
peptic ulcer
eroded area of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum associated with increased secretion of acid from stomach
103
polyp
tumorlike growth extending outward from a mucous membrane
104
ulcerative colitis
inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers
105
volvulus
twisting or kinking of the intestine causing obstruction
106
abdominocentesis
surgical procedure to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity
107
abdominoplasty
surgical repair of the abdomen
108
antrectomy
excision of the antrum
109
appendectomy
excision of the appendix
110
celiotomy
incision into the abdominal cavity
111
cheilorrhaphy
suture of the lip
112
cholecystectomy
excision of the gallbladder
113
choledocholithotomy
incision into a common bile duct to remove a stone
114
colectomy
excision of the colon
115
diverticulectomy
excision of a diverticulum
116
colostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the colon
117
enterorrhaphy
suture of the intestine
118
esophagogastroplasty
surgical repair of the esophagus and the stomach
119
gastrectomy
excision of the stomach
120
gastrojejunostomy
creation of an artificial opening between the stomach and jejunum
121
gastroplasty
surgical repair of the stomach
122
gastrostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the stomach
123
gingivectomy
surgical repair of gum(tissue)
124
glossorrhaphy
suture of the tongue
125
hemicolectomy
excision of half the colon
126
herniorrhaphy
suturing of a hernia
127
ileostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the ileum
128
laparotomy
incision into the abdominal cavity
129
palatoplasty
surgical repair of the palate
130
polypectomy
excision of a polyp
131
pyloromyotomy
incision into the pyloric muscle
132
pyloroplasty
surgical repair of the pyloris
133
uvulectomy
excision of the uvula
134
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
surgical repair of the uvula, palate, pharynx
135
abdominoperineal resection (A&P resection)
removal of the distal colon and rectum through both abdominal and perineal approaches
136
anastomosis
an opening created by surgically joining two structures
137
bariatric surgery
surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat morbid obesity causing serious illness
138
hemorrhoidectomy
excision of the hemorrhoids
139
vagotomy
cutting of certain branches of the vagus nerve
140
cholangiogram
radiographic image of bile ducts
141
cholangiography
radiographic imaging of the bile ducts
142
CT colonography
radiographic imaging of the colon
143
esophagogram
radiographic image of the esophagus
144
colonoscope
instrument used for visual examination of the colon
145
colonoscopy
visual examination of the colon
146
endoscope
instrument used for visual examination within a hollow organ
147
endoscopy
visual examination within a hollow organ
148
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum
149
esophagoscopy
visual examination of the esophagus
150
gastroscope
instrument used for visual examination of the stomach
151
gastroscopy
visual exmanination of the stomach
152
laparoscope
instrument used for visual examination of the abdominal cavity
153
laparoscopy
visual examination of the abdominal cavity
154
proctoscope
instrument used for the visual examination of the retum
155
proctoscopy
visual examination of the rectum
156
sigmoidoscopy
visual examination of the sigmoid colon
157
abdominal ultrasonography
process of recording images of internal organs using high frequency soundwaves produced by a transducer placed directly on the skin covering the abdominal cavity; observe size and structure of organs
158
barium enema (BE)
series of radiographic images taken of the LI after the contrast agent barium has been administered rectally
159
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
radiographic examination of the biliary ducts and pancreatic ducts with contrast media
used to evaluate obstructions, strictures, stone diseases
160
upper GI series
series of radiographic images taken of the stomach and duodenum after contrast agent barium has been swallowed
161
endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)
procedure using an endoscope fitted with an ultrasound probe that provides images of layers of the intestinal wall
used to detect tumors and cystic growth
162
fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
test to detect occult blood in feces
used to screen for colon cancer or polyps
163
helicobacter pylori antibodies test
blood test to determine the presence of h pylori bacteria; can be present in lining of stomach, can cause peptic ulcers
164
abdominal
pertaining to the abdomen
165
anal
pertaining to the anus
166
aphagia
without swallowing (inability to)
167
celiac
pertaining to the abdomen
168
colorectal
pertaining to the colon, rectum
169
duodenal
pertaining to the duodenum
170
dyspepsia
difficult digestion
171
dysphagia
difficult swallowing
172
enteropathy
disease of the intestine
173
esophageal
pertaining to the esophagus
174
gastric
pertaining to the stomach
175
gastroenterologist
a physician who studies and treats diseases of the stomach and intestines
176
gatroenterology
study of the stomach and intestines
177
gastromalacia
softening of the stomach
178
glossopathy
disease of the tongue
179
ileocecal
pertaining to the ileum and cecum
180
nasogastric
pertaining to the nose and stomach
181
oral
pertaining to the mouth
182
pancreatic
pertaining to the pancreas
183
peritoneal
pertaining to the peritoneum
184
proctologist
physician who studies and treats diseases of the rectum
185
proctology
study of the rectum
186
rectal
pertaining to the rectum
187
steatorrhea
discharge of fat
188
steatosis
abnormal condition of fat
189
stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth
190
stomatogastric
pertaining to the mouth and stomach
191
sublingual
pertaining to under the tongue
192
ascites
abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
193
diarrhea
frequent discharge of liquid stool
194
dysentery
disorder that involves inflammation of the intestine associated with diarrhea and abdominal pain
195
emesis
expelling matter from the stomach through the mouth
196
feces
waste from the digestive tract expelled through the rectum
197
flatus
gas in the digestive tract or expelled through the anus
198
gastric lavage
washing out the stomach
199
gavage
process of feeding a person through a nasogastric tube
200
hematemesis
vomiting of blood
201
hematochezia
passage of bloody feces
202
malabsorption
impaired digestion or intestinal absorption of nutrients
203
melena
black, tarry stool that contains digested blood
204
nausea
urge to vomit
205
peristalsis
involuntary wavelike contractions that propel food along the digestive tract
206
reflux
abnormal backward flow
207
stoma
surgical opening between an organ and the surface of the body or between body structures or between portions of the intestine
208