Flashcards in chapter 4 Deck (166):
1
epidermis
outer layer of skin
2
keratin
Horny, cornified, layer composed of protein
Contained in hair, skin, nails
Gives skin waterproof quality, keeping moisture both in and out
3
melanin
color, pigmentation of the skin
4
dermis
inner layer of skin (true skin)
5
sudoriferous (sweat) glands
tiny, coiled, tubular structures that emerge through pores on the skins surface & secrete sweat
6
sebaceous glands
secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis
7
hair
compressed, keratinized cells that arise from hair follicles, the sacs that enclose the hair fibers
8
nails
Originate in the epidermis
Found on the upper surface of the ends of the fingers and toes
White area at the base is lunula, moon
9
cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o
skin
10
hidr/o
sweat
11
kerat/o
horny tissue, hard
12
onych/o, unug/o
nail
13
seb/o
sebum (oil)
14
trich/o
hair
15
aut/o
self
16
heter/o
other
17
bi/o
life
18
necr/o
death (cells, body)
19
coni/o
dust
20
crypt/o
hidden
21
myc/o
fungus
22
pachy/o
thick
23
rhytid/o
wrinkles
24
staphyl/o
grapelike clusters
25
xer/o
dry
26
epi-
on, upon, over
27
intra-
within
28
para-
beside, beyond, around, abnormal
29
per-
through
30
sub-
under, below
31
trans-
through, across, beyond
32
-a
*helps with flow
33
-coccus (pl. cocci)
berry shaped (form of bacterium)
34
-ectomy
excision or surgical removal
35
-ia
diseased or abnormal state, condition of
36
-itis
inflammation
37
-malacia
softening
38
-opsy
view of, viewing
39
-phagia
eating or swallowing
40
-plasty
surgical repair
41
-rrhea
flow, discharge
42
-tome
instrument used to cut
43
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
44
dermatoconiosis
abnormal condition of the skin caused by dust
45
dermatofibroma
fibrous tumor of the skin
46
hidradenitis
inflammation of a sweat gland, heat rash
47
leiodermia
condition of smooth skin
48
leukoderma
white skin (white patches caused by depigmentation)
49
onychocryptosis
abnormal condition of a hidden nail (ingrown nail)
50
onychomalacia
softening of the nails
51
onychomycosis
abnormal condition of a fungus in the nails
52
onychophagia
eating the nails (nail biting)
53
pachyderma
thickening of the skin
54
paronychia
diseased state around the nail
55
seborrhea
discharge of sebum (excessive)
56
trichomycosis
abnormal condition of a fungus in the hair
57
xeroderma
dry skin (a mild form of a cutaneous disorder characterized by keratinization and noninflammatory scaling)
58
abrasion
scraping away of the skin by mechanical process or injury
59
abscess
localized collection of pus
60
acne
inflammatory disease of the skin involving the sebaceous glands and hair follicles
61
actinic keratosis
A precancerous skin condition of horny tissue that results fro excessive exposure to sunlight
May evolve into a squamous cell carcinoma
62
albinism
congenital heredity condition characterized by partial or total lack of pigment in the skin, hair, eyes
63
basal call carcinoma (BCC)
Epithelial tumor arising from the epidermis
Seldom metastasizes but invades local tissue
Common in individuals who have had excessive sun exposure
64
candidiasis
An infection of the skin, mouth, vagina caused by the yeast type fungus (candida albicans)
Candida normally present in the mucous membranes, overgrowth causes an infection
Esophageal candidiasis often seen with AIDS
65
carbuncle
skin infection composed of a cluster of boils caused by staphylococcal bacteria
66
cellulitis
inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection, leading to redness, swelling, fever
67
contusion
injury with no break in the skin, characterized by pain, swelling, discoloration
68
eczema
noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, itching
69
fissure
slit or cracklike sore in the skin
70
furuncle
painful skin node caused by staphylococcal bacteria in a hair follicle (boil)
71
gangrene
death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply followed by bacterial invasion (form of necrosis)
72
herpes
Inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus characterized by small blisters in clusters
Many types exist
Herpes simplex: causes fever blisters
Herpes zoster: (shingles) characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow nerves inflamed by the virus
73
impetigo
superficial skin infection characterized by pustules and caused by either staphylococcal or streptococci
74
infection
The invasion of pathogens in the body tissue
May remain localized if the bodys defense mechanisms are effective
If infection persists, it may become acute, subacute, chronic
Systemic infection occurs when pathogen causing a local infection gains access to vascular or lymphatic system and becomes disseminated throughout the body
75
Kaposi sarcoma
a cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules on the lower extremities that spreads through the skin to the lymph nodes and internal organs, seen with AIDS
76
laceration
torn, ragged-edged wound
77
lesion
Any visible change in tissue resulting from injury or disease
Includes: sores, wounds, ulcers, tumors
78
MRSA infection
Invasion of body tissue by methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, a strain of common bacteria that has developed resistance to penicillin and antibiotics
Can produce skin and soft tissue infections and sometimes bloodstream infections and pneumonia, which can be fatal if not treated
Common in hospitals and long term facilities but is emerging as an important infection in the general population
79
pediculosis
invasion into the skin and hair lice
80
psoriasis
chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales
81
rosacea
chronic disorder of the skin that protrudes erythema, papules, pustules, broken blood vessels, usually occurring on the central area of the face in people older than 30 (acne rosacea)
82
scabies
skin infection caused by the itch mite, characterized by papule eruptions that are caused by the female burrowing into the outer layer of the skin and laying eggs, accompanied by severe itching
83
scleroderma
a disease characterized by chronic hardening of the connective tissue of the skin and other body organs
84
squamous cell carcinoma (SqCCA)
A malignant growth that develops from scalelike epithelial tissue, significant potential for metastasis
Most frequent cause is chronic exposure to sunlight
85
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
a chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin, joints, kidneys, nervous system, autoimmune disease is characterized by periods of remission and exacerbations
86
tinea
Fungal infection of the skin, may infect keratin of the skin, hair, nails
Infections are classified by body regions
Tinea (ringworm)
Tinea pedis (athletes foot)
87
urticaria
an itching skin eruption composed of wheels of varying sizes and shapes, usually resolves in a sort period of time, causes include internal disease, physical stimuli, genetic disorders (hives)
88
vitiligo
white patches on he skin caused by the destruction of melanocytes associated with autoimmune disorders
89
biopsy
view of life (the removal of living tissue from the body to be viewed under microscope
90
dermatoautoplasty
surgical repair using ones own skin (autograft)
91
drematoheteroplasty
surgical repair using skin from others (allograft)
92
dermatome
instrument used to cut skin (in thin slices/skin grafts)
93
dermatoplasty
surgical repair of the skin
94
onychectomy
excision of a nail
95
rhytidectomy
excision of wrinkles (facelift)
96
rhytidoplasty
surgical repair of wrinkles
97
cauterization
destruction of tissue with a hot or cold instrument, elastic current, caustic substance (cautery)
98
cryosurgery
destruction of tissue by using extreme cold, often using liquid nitrogen
99
debridement
removal of contaminated or dead tissue and foreign matter from an open wound
100
dermabrasion
procedure to remove skin scars with abrasive material
101
excision
removal by cutting
102
incision
surgical cut or wound produced by a sharp instrument
103
incision & drainage (I&D)
surgical cut made to allow the free flow of withdrawal of fluids from a lesion, wound, cavity
104
laser surgery
procedure using an instrument that emits a high powered beam of light used to cut, burn, vaporize, destroy tissue
105
mohs surgery
technique od microscopically controlled serial excisions of skin cancers
106
suturing
to stitch edges of a wound surgically
107
dermatologist
a physician who studies and treats skin diseases
108
dermatology (derm)
study of skin (diagnosis and treatment of diseases)
109
epidermal
pertaining to upon the skin
110
erythroderma
red skin
111
hypodermic
pertaining to under the skin
112
intradermal (ID)
pertaining to within the skin
113
keratogenic
originating in horny tissue
114
necrosis
abnormal condition of death
115
percutaneous
pertaining to through the skin
116
staphylococcus (pl. staphylococci, staph)
berry shaped bacterium in grapelike clusters, may cause skin disease
117
streptococcus (pl. streptococci, strep)
berry shaped bacterium in twisted chains
118
subcutaneous (subcut)
pertaining to under the skin
119
transdermal (TD)
pertaining to through the skin
120
ungual
pertaining to the nail
121
xanthoderma
yellow skin (jaundice)
122
alopecia
loss of hair
123
bacteria (s. bacterium)
single celled microorganisms that reproduce by cell division and may cause infection by invading body tissue
124
cicatrix
scar
125
cyst
a closed sac containing fluid, semisolid material
126
cytomegalovirus (CMV)
a herpes type virus that usually causes disease when the immune system is compromised
127
diaphoresis
profuse sweating
128
ecchymosis (pl. ecchymoses)
escape of blood into the skin, causing a small, flat, purple, blue discoloration
129
edema
puffy, swelling of the tissue from the accumulation of fluid
130
erythema
redness
131
fungus (pl. fungi)
organism that feeds by absorbing organic molecules from its surroundings and may cause infection by invading body tissue
132
induration
abnormal hard spots
133
jaundice
condition characterized by a yellow tinge to the skin (xanthoderma)
134
keloid
overgrowth of scar tissue
135
leukoplakia
condition characterized by white spots or patches on mucous membrane, may be precancerous
136
macule
flat, colored spot on the skin (freckle)
137
nevus (pl. nevi)
Circumscribed malformation of the skin, usually brown, black, flesh colored
Present at birth (birthmark, mole)
138
nodule
small, knotlike mass that can be felt by touch (lipoma)
139
pallor
paleness
140
papule
small, solid skin elevation (skin tag)
141
petechial (pl. petechiae)
pinpoint skin hemorrhage
142
pressure ulcer (decub)
erosion of the skin caused by prolonged pressure, occurs in bedridden patients (decubitus ulcer, bed sore)
143
pruritus
severe itching
144
purpura
small hemorrhages in the skin, giving a purple-red discoloration, associated with blood disorders
145
pustule
elevation of skin containing pus
146
ulcer
erosion of the skin or mucous membrane
147
wheal
transitory, itchy elevation of the skin with a white center and a red surrounding area (individual hive)
148
vesicle
small elevation of epidermis containing fluid (shingles, blister)
149
verruca
circumscribed cutaneous elevation caused by a virus
150
virus
minute microorganism, smaller than bacterium, characterized by lack of independent metabolism and the ability to replicate only within a living host cell, may cause infection by invading body tissue
151
BBC
basal cell carcinoma
152
bx
biopsy
153
CMV
cytomegalovirus
154
CA-MRSA
community-associated MRSA infection
155
decub
pressure ulcer
156
derm
dermatology
157
HA-MRSA
healthcare-associated MRSA infection
158
I&D
incision & drainage
159
ID
intradermal
160
MRSA
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
161
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
162
SqCCA
squamous cell carcinoma
163
staph
staphylococcus
164
strep
streptococcus
165
subcut
subcutaneous
166