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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 10 - Eating Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Eating Disorders Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

development of morbid fears of fatness, perceive themselves as fat, and reduce their food intake to the point of the state of being abnormally thin or weak

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2
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

periods of food restriction alternate with periods of binge eating, where excessive amounts of food are consumed

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3
Q

binge-eating disorder

A

rapidly, eating until uncomfortably full, eating despite not being hungry, eating alone because of embarrassment etc. and then feeling guilty or disgust

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4
Q

what kind of fear do people with anorexia have

A

intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat

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5
Q

ARFID

A

characterized by a feeding disturbance that leads to being underweight and/or an inability to eat enough food to meet nutritional/energy needs

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6
Q

purging

A

self-induced vomiting, laxative abuse, or abuse of enemas or diuretics

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7
Q

objective binge

A

consists of eating a large amount of food in a specific time period

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8
Q

subjective binge

A

small or normal amounts of food during these episodes

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9
Q

what kind of binge eating do bulimic individuals engage in

A

objective binge eating

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10
Q

BMI

A

weight in kilos/height in metres squared

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11
Q

restricting type

A

attain extremely low body weights through strict dieting and sometimes excessive exercise

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12
Q

binge-eating/purging type

A

engage in strict dieting, sometimes excessive exercise but also regular binge eating/purging behaviors

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13
Q

what two things is bulimia nervosa characterized by

A

1) eating in a 2 hour period and an amount of food that is deemed more than normal
2) sense of lack of control over eating during episode

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14
Q

eating disorder examination

A

structured clinical interview for diagnosing eating disorders that has good reliability and validity

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15
Q

lanugo

A

fine downy hair - may grow on on the body in order to maintain body warmth

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16
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence of at least three consecutive periods

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17
Q

what disorder does amenorrhea occur the most in

A

anorexia nervosa

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18
Q

Russell’s sign

A

scrapes or calluses on the backs of hands or knuckles

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19
Q

what disorder does Russell’s sign occur most in

A

bulimia nervosa

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20
Q

what is considered a casual risk factor for the development of an eating disorder

A

thin media images

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21
Q

do individuals with anorexia or bulimia have more negative schemas?

A

yes

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22
Q

precipitating factors

A

events or situations that trigger the eating disorder

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23
Q

perpetuating factors

A

physical and psychological symptoms that serve to maintain the disorder such as reduced basal metabolic rate, depression, social isolation etc.

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24
Q

best biological treatment for bulimia nervosa

A

CBT and antidepressant medication

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25
first priority for a patient with anorexia nervosa
restore body weight to a healthy minimal level
26
what can self-help manuals be used for
1) for individuals who might not otherwise have access to expert help or may be too embarrassed to access help 2) conjunction with guidance by a non-specialist professional such as a nurse or family doctor 3) as a first step to treatment slivery and for treatment that may be more intense
27
history of eating disorders
prior to 60s - few eating disorders 60s-70s - increase in cases of anorexia late 70s - bulimia nervosa 2013 - bing eating disorder
28
symptoms of anorexia nervosa
low body weight, fear of gaining weight, body image disturbance
29
symptoms of bulimia nervosa
objective binge eating episodes, inappropriate compensatory behaviour, undue influence of body shape/weight on self evaluation, not exclusively during AN
30
how long must symptoms show for BN
at least a week for three months
31
are people with BN usually normal weight or slight overweight?
yes
32
BED symptoms
eating more rapidly, eating until uncomfortably full, eating large amounts when not hungry, eating alone because embarrassed by amount, feeling disgusted/depressed/or very guilty afterwards
33
requirements for BED
- recurrent binge eating at least once a week for three months - at least three symptoms - no regular use of inappropriate compensatory behaviours - not during BN or AN
34
is ARFID due to weight or shape concerns or body image disturbance
no
35
criteria for other eating disorders
- atypical AN, BN/BED with low frequency or limited duration, purging disorder, night-eating disorder
36
are eating disorders more prevalent in men or women
women - 2-3x more common
37
age onset of AN
19
38
age onset of BN
20
39
age onset of BED
25
40
are interviews more accurate than self-report measures
yes
41
complications of AN
osteoporosis, heart problems, lethargy, hair loss, sensitivity to cold, lanugo, amenorrhea, kidney failure etc
42
consequences of starvations
emotional instability, inability to focus, decreased heart rate, lethargy, etc.
43
complications of BN
dental problems, electrolyte imbalance, heart and kidney problems, obesity etc
44
complications of BED
obesity, risk of diabetes, heart disease, sleep apnea
45
associated features of AN
Social withdrawal Irritability Preoccupation with food Depression
46
subtypes of AN
restrictive and binge-eating purging
47
Compensatory behaviours
Fasting Excessive exercise Purging
48
What types of binges take place in BN
objective
49
Are compensatory behaviours used in BED
no not regularly
50
most common eating disorder
BED
51
second most common eating disorder
BN
52
Weight of anorexic patients
BMI under 18
53
Rarest eating disorder
AN
54
Which disorder shows the most gender differences
AN
55
Which disorder shows the least gender differences
BN
56
What eating behaviours do men participate in the most
Binge-eating and excessive exercise
57
Which male group reports the highest level of symptoms
middle aged men
58
Restrictions in AN
Amount of food | Type of food
59
recovery rate in BN
50% no symptoms | 20% show no change in symptoms
60
How many ED diagnosis can you have at one time
one at a time
61
etiology of eating disorders
Genetics Neurotransmitter deregulation Pre-existing obesity Psychosocial factors
62
biological factors of eating disorders
``` Genetics (50%) Neurotransmitter deregulation (Dysfunctional serotonin activity) ```
63
differential diagnosis
Must rule out medical reasons for symptoms and MDD
64
What differentiations must be made to diagnosis
Is it BN or binge-eating/purging AN? Is it BED or BN? Are compensations excessive and inappropriate?
65
Psychosocial factors of EDs
Physical/ sexual abuse | Personality characteristics
66
Personality characteristics that influence development of EDs
``` Perfectionism Neuroticism Punishment avoidance Sensitivity to social rewards Negative urgency Low extraversion Level of Impulsivity ```
67
Neuroticism
personality trait characterized by anxiety, fear, moodiness, worry, envy, frustration, jealousy, and loneliness.
68
Negative urgency
Tendency to act rashly when distressed
69
extraversion
Measure of outgoingness and social ability of a person
70
family factors
Family history of EDs High parental expectations Transmission of pathological values (value on weight and attractiveness) Miscommunication (Mothers can give false/ inaccurate info) Family relationships
71
sociocultural factors
Thin ideal Thin ideal > increased body dissatisfaction > increased risk of disorder
72
How does the media portray eating disorders
Young White females Rarely discuss bad aspects Never see biological/genetic reasons for the disorder
73
Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa
``` Family based treatments (Most Effective) CBT for relapse prevention Focal psychoanalytical therapy Motivational interviewing Specialist supported clinical management ```
74
Family based treatment
3 phases involving family 1. Weight restoration 2. Return of eating control 3. Promote normal development (Non-weight based identity)
75
Who is family based treatment effective for
Teens
76
Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa
``` CBT (Most Effective) Interpersonal therapy Family-based treatment Motivational enhancement Dialectical behaviour treatment ```
77
CBT for BN
Reduce dysfunctional dieting Develop skills to deal with high risk situations Modify thoughts and feelings about shape and weight
78
How does CBT reduce dysfunctional dieting
Promote moderation | Nothing is completely good food or bad food
79
Theory behind CBT for BN
Dietary restriction + negative emotions = binge-eating/purging
80
Treatment of BED
``` CBT Interpersonal therapy Behavioural weight loss Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (Most Effective) Motivational interviewing ```
81
Behavioural Weight loss
There is a good and bad foods list | Evidence based treatment
82
dialectical behaviour therapy
Emotion regulation 3 Components
83
components of DBT
Group Skills Training Individual Therapy Telephone Coaching
84
goals of DBT in BED
Mindfulness Distress Tolerance Emotion Regulation Interpersonal Effectiveness
85
what is mindfulness in DBT
Learn that negative emotions are brief states
86
Distress Tolerance in DBT
Learn skills to help yourself through a crisis
87
Emotion Regulation in DBT
Reduce vulnerability to negative emotions
88
Interpersonal Effectiveness in DBT
Develop relationship skills
89
levels of prevention
Universal Selected Indicated
90
universal prevention
Targets cultural attitudes and practices Main focus are public institutions and public policies
91
Selected Prevention
Targets high risk groups
92
indicated prevention
Targets people showing early warning signs Girls with high weight/shape concerns
93
Dissonance-based Prevention programs
Have people critique the thin ideal Reduce discrepancy between beliefs and actions
94
What levels of prevention are most effective
indicated and Selected
95
Which group benefits the most from prevention programs
adolescents
96
Are interactive or presentation(didatic) based prevention more effective
interactive
97
types of binges in AN
subjective
98
Should prevention focus on teaching about EDs
More effective when they are focused on body acceptance

Abnormal Psychology (14 decks)

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