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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 13 - Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Egodystonic homosexuality

A

conflicted homosexuals

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2
Q

sexual response stage

A

changes that occur in the body during sexual arousal, orgasm, and the return to the unaroused state

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3
Q

stages of sex

A

excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution, refractory period

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4
Q

what may cause development of sexual dysfunctions

A

shame/ignorance about sex, anxiety about sex, lack of experience, low self confidence

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5
Q

lifelong sexual dysfunction

A

always experienced sexual problems

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6
Q

acquired sexual dysfunction

A

fairly recent onset of sexual problems

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7
Q

generalized sexual dysfunction

A

problems are apparent in all situations

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8
Q

situational sexual dysfunction

A

problems are apparent in one type of situation ex. specific partner

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9
Q

male hypoactive sexual desire disorder

A

when a client describes persistently or recurrently deficient/absent sexual/erotic thoughts or fantasies and desire for sexual activity

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10
Q

female sexual interest/arousal disorder

A

combination of lack of sexual interest and arousal disorder

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11
Q

what do sexual arousal disorders involve

A

when person has difficulty becoming physically aroused when the person desires such arousal

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12
Q

erectile disorder

A

difficulties with obtaining an erection during sexual activity, maintaining an erection until the completion of sexual activity

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13
Q

how long must symptoms in erectile disorder be present

A

must be distressing and present for a minimum of 6 months

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14
Q

female orgasmic disorder

A

presence of infrequency or absence of orgasm or reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations

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15
Q

how long must symptoms in female orgasmic disorder be present

A

minimum 6 months and must be distressing

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16
Q

delayed ejaculation

A

delay in ejaculation or infrequency/absence of ejaculation

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17
Q

how long must symptoms in delayed ejaculation be present

A

minimum 6 months and must be distressing

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18
Q

premature ejaculation

A

persistent/recurrent pattern of ejaculation occurring during partnered sexual activity within approximately 1 minute following vaginal penetration and before the individual wishes it

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19
Q

how long must symptoms in premature ejaculation be present

A

minimum 6 months and must be distressing

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20
Q

paraphilia

A

deviations from normal sexual interests - critical that disorder causes distress to self or others

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21
Q

gender differences in sexual behaviors

A

more similarities

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22
Q

are women non-specific

A

yes

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23
Q

are men specific

A

yes

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24
Q

gentio-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

A

persistent or recurrent difficulties with one or more of the following: vaginal penetration during intercourse, vulvovaginal/pelvic pain during sex/penetration, fear/anxiety about penetration, tensing/tightening of pelvic muscles during penetration

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25
Q

how long must symptoms for gentio-pelvic pain/penetration disorder last?

A

at least 6 months and cause distress to the individual

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26
Q

hypersexuality

A

loss of control over sexual urges, fantasies and behaviors

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27
Q

assessment for hypersexuality

A

TSO - 7+ orgasms per week for 6+ months

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28
Q

risk factors for male erectile disorder

A

smoking, hypertension, diabetes, alcoholism, age

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29
Q

two types of premature ejaculation

A

primary and secondary

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30
Q

secondary premature ejaculation

A

occurs in men who previously had ejaculatory control - could be caused by trauma to the sympathetic nervous system, abdominal/pelvic injuries etc.

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31
Q

primary premature ejaculation

A

caused by various problems - conditioned response to rapid ejaculation or when men attempt sex under pressure

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32
Q

communication and exploration

A

understanding of own sensations and bodily response - acceptance of own body (use masturbation)

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33
Q

sensate focus

A

form of desensitization applied to sexual fears - step by step process

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34
Q

stop-start technique

A

with or without partner - start masturbating - when close, stop then repeat

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35
Q

squeeze technique

A

squeeze coronal ridge and prevents ejaculation by diminishing arousal

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36
Q

when are treatments for sexual dysfunctions most successful

A

for premature ejaculation and sexual pain disorders less for erectile dysfunction

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37
Q

gender identity

A

person’s basic sense of self as male or female - first signs appear between 18-36 months

38
Q

gender role

A

collection of characteristics that a society defines as masculine or feminine

39
Q

gender dysphoria

A

discordant with person’s sense of self

40
Q

fetishistic disorder

A

sexual interest in nonliving objects or specific body parts - does not include cross-dressing

41
Q

onset for fetishistic disorder

A

childhood or puberty

42
Q

tranvestic disorder

A

sexual interest related to cross-dressing

43
Q

impairment in fetishistic disorder

A

sexual relationships

44
Q

impairment in transvestic disorder

A

conventional heterosexual relationships

45
Q

exhibitionistic disorder

A

sexual arousal related to exposing one’s genitals to another unsuspecting person

46
Q

gender differences in exhibitionistic disorder

A

primarily affects men

47
Q

voyeuristic disorder

A

sexual arousal related to observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, undressing or having sex

48
Q

gender differences in voyeuristic disorder

A

primarily affects men

49
Q

possible risk factors for exhibitionistic disorder

A

child sexual and emotional abuse, hypersexuality

50
Q

possible risk factors for voyeuristic disorder

A

child sexual abuse, hypersexuality, substance abuse

51
Q

frotteuristic disorder

A

sexual arousal related to touching or rubbing up against a non-consenting individual

52
Q

gender differences in frotteuristic disorder

A

primarily affects men

53
Q

possible risk factors for frotteuristic disorder

A

hypersexuality, antisocial behaviour

54
Q

sexual sadism

A

sexual preference toward inflicting pain or psychological suffering on others and can be considered either a sexual variant or a sexual offence

55
Q

sexual masochism

A

describes individuals who enjoy experiencing pain or humiliation from another individual

56
Q

hypoxyphilia

A

choking, chest compression strangulation, etc

57
Q

what paraphilias can be a crime

A

sexual sadism disorder, exhibitionistic disorder, voyeuristic disorder, frotteuristic disorder, pedophilic disorder

58
Q

list of paraphilia disorders

A

sexual sadism disorder, exhibitionistic disorder, voyeuristic disorder, frotteuristic disorder, pedophilic disorder, fetishistic disorder, transvestic disorder, sexual masochism disorder

59
Q

gender differences in pedophilic disorder

A

most often in males

60
Q

pedophilic disorder

A

individuals who exhibit sexual fantasies, urges or behaviours involving children usually under 13

61
Q

how old must the individual being assessed for pedophilic disorder be

A

at least 16 and 5 years older than victim

62
Q

child molester

A

individual who has engaged in a sexually motivated act against a prepubescent child without indication of preference

63
Q

pedophile

A

individual who has displayed preference for sexual behaviour with a child

64
Q

problems with pedophilic disorder diagnosis

A

poor reliability, poor validity, unrelated to long term recidivism

65
Q

three distinct arousal patterns seen in rapists

A

biastophilia, sadism, antisociality

66
Q

biastophilia

A

sexual preference toward non consenting and resisting but not necessarily physically suffering victims

67
Q

sadism

A

preference toward the suffering or humiliation of others

68
Q

antisociality

A

marked sexual indifference to the interests and desires of others

69
Q

klisaphilia

A

sexual satisfaction from receiving enemas

70
Q

urophilia

A

sexual satisfaction from urine

71
Q

coprophilia

A

sexual satisfaction from defection

72
Q

necrophilia

A

sex with corpses

73
Q

zoophilia/bestiality

A

sex with animals

74
Q

scatologia

A

obscene telephone calls

75
Q

courtship disorder theory

A

four phases in human sexual interactions

1) looking for and appraising a potential partner
2) posturing and displaying oneself to the partner
3) tactile interact with the partner
4) sexual intercourse

76
Q

do patriarchal societies encourage rape

A

yes

77
Q

what do comprehensive theories believe about sexual offending

A

there are vulnerabilities, family factors, culture that attract an individual to such behaviors

78
Q

physical castration

A

removal of testicles - essentially removing body’s production of testosterone (which promotes sex drive)

79
Q

chemical castration

A

reduction in testosterone resulting form action of pharmacological treatment

80
Q

comprehensive program

A

works on improving self-esteem and social and relationship skills to try and minimize offending

81
Q

behavior therapy

A

eliminate deviant preferences and offending behaviour would disappear

82
Q

how long must symptoms in adolescents/adults in gender dysphoria show

A

mismatch between experienced and assigned gender for at least 6 months

83
Q

symptoms in adolescents/adults in gender dysphoria

A
  • mismatch between gender + 2 other symptoms + distress/impairment
  • mismatch between experienced gender and sex characteristics
  • strong desire to get rid of current sex characteristics
  • strong desire for sex characteristics of the other gender
  • strong desire to be of a different gender
  • strong desire to be treated like a different gender
  • strong belief that you have the typical feelings and reactions of a different gender
84
Q

how long must symptoms in kids in gender dysphoria show

A

mismatch between experienced and assigned gender for at least 6 months

85
Q

symptoms in kids in gender dysphoria

A
  • mismatch between gender + 6 other symptoms + distress/impairment
  • strong desire to be other gender or insistence that one is the other gender (necessary for diagnosis)
  • strong preference for other gender’s clothing
  • strong preference for other gender’s roles in fantasy play
  • strong preference for other gender’s toys
  • strong preference for playmates of the other gender
  • strong rejection of assigned gender’s activities
  • strong dislike of own sexual anatomy
  • strong desire for sexual characteristics of other gender
86
Q

heritability of gender dysphoria

A
  • more in twins, gender identity - strong biological influence
87
Q

treatment of gender dysphoria in adults

A
  • fitting into assigned gender role, gender bending, hormone therapy, surgery, full sexual reassignment surgery, top surgery only
88
Q

sex reassignment surgery requirements

A
  • 12 months of continuous experience living as a different gender
  • 12 months of continuous hormone replacement theory
  • if required, regular participation in psychotherapy
89
Q

treatment of gender dysphoria in children in non-acceptance of gender dysphoria

A
  • encourage gender “appropriate” behaviours and discourage cross-gender behaviours
  • long-term efficacy unknown
90
Q

treatment of gender dysphoria in children in acceptance of gender dysphoria

A
  • encourage and accept cross-gender behaviours
  • hormone replacement - prevent onset of puberty
  • sex reassignment

Abnormal Psychology (14 decks)

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