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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 12 - Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Personality Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

personality disorders

A

pattern of inner experience and behaviour that is not deemed appropriate considering individual’s cultural expectations

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2
Q

key features of diagnosis

A
  1. Pattern manifestation in 2+ areas (Cognition,emotion, interpersonal functioning or impulse control)
  2. Rigid and consistent pattern across many contexts
  3. Distress/ impairment
  4. Stability and long duration of symptoms
  5. Behaviour not caused by another mental illness
  6. Behaviour not caused by substance abuse
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3
Q

cluster A

A

odd and eccentric disorders - paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

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4
Q

cluster B

A

dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorder - antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

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5
Q

cluster C

A

anxious and fearful disorders - avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive

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6
Q

onset of PD

A

adolescence or early adulthood

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7
Q

Areas of pattern manifestation

A

Cognition
Emotion
Interpersonal Functioning
Impulse control

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8
Q

How should Personality Disorders be assessed

A

Through structured interviews

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9
Q

Diagnostic issues in PDs

A 
Low reliability (time and people)
Gender/ Cultural issues 
Co-morbidity/overlap
Weak treatment efficacy 
Poorly understood etiology
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10
Q

Etiology Theories

A

Psychodynamic
Attachment Theory
Cognitive Behavioural
Biological

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11
Q

Psychodynamic Theories

A

parent-child relationships leads to

inadequate sense of self

Issues relating to other people

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12
Q

Attachment Theories

A

Poor parent-child attachment > Poor adult attachment > Interpersonal relationship problems

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13
Q

Cognitive Behavioural Theories

A

Rigid, inflexible schemas
Invalidating environment
Modelling inappropriate behaviours

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14
Q

Biological Theories

A

Genetics
Brain Functioning
Emotion Regulation

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15
Q

How many Criterion must be met for a Paranoid PD diagnosis

A

4+ criteria

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16
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder more common in which gender

A

males

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17
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder

A

Pervasive distrust and suspicion of others

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18
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A

Pervasive disinterest in social relationships and restricted affect

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19
Q

How many criterion must be met for a schizoid PD diagnosis

A

4+ criteria

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20
Q

Schizoid PD and social skills

A

They don’t have social skills and are not interested in learning them

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21
Q

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A

Pervasive pattern and social deficits, discomfort in interpersonal relationships, and perceptual distortion or eccentricities

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22
Q

Treatment of Schizotypal Disorder

A

Anti-Psychotics and Anti-Depressants

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23
Q

Schizotypal PD

A

Males

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24
Q

How to Cluster A PDs differ from schizophrenia

A

Schizophrenia is more severe

Schizotypal PD may be a mild form of schizophrenia

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25
Can Cluster A PDs predict psychotic disorders
Cluster A PDs can be a precursor
26
When may Cluster A PDs appear
Childhood and Adolescents
27
Are Antisocial and Psychopathy the same disorder
No they are different Not all people with antisocial are psychopaths
28
Which is more severe Antisocial PD or Psychopathy
Psychopathy is more severe
29
Is psychopathy a formal diagnosis
No, there is no formal diagnosis of psychopathy
30
Most psychopaths have Antisocial PD
true
31
Most Antisocial PD individuals are psychopaths
False Only a small proportion have Antisocial PD individuals have psychopathy
32
Antisocial PD
Pervasive disregard for and violation of the rights of others
33
How many criterion must be met for a Antisocial PD
3+ criteria
34
Must have conduct disorder prior to the age of 15 to be diagnosised with Antisocial PD
true
35
reliability of Antisocial PD
high behavioural reliability
36
treatment of Antisocial PD
psychotherapy (aimed at symptoms and behaviour) | Meds (Manage threatening behaviour)
37
Factors for psychopathy
1. Interpersonal and affective ( superficially charming, grandiose, pathological lying, lack of remorse) 2. Antisocial behaviour and lifestyle (Easily bored, lack of realistic long-term goals, impulsive, irresponsible) 3. Promiscuous (casual sexual relationships) 4. Many short-term relationships
38
assessment of psychopathy
psychopathy checklsit
39
Can psychopathy predict future violence
yes
40
psychopaths can commit what kinds of violence
Cold blooded Goal oriented Sadistic and Gratuitous
41
Biological Theories of Psychopathy
hypoactive amygdala and genetics
42
Environmental theories of Psychopathy
abusive environment and disturbed living arrangements
43
Primary psychopaths
lack fear
44
secondary psychopaths
sensitivity to rewards
45
Treatment of Psychopathy
reatment- resistant Contingency management Intensive supervision Preventive Detention
46
borderline PD
Pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect with marked impulsivity
47
How many criteria are needed for BPD
5+ riteria
48
Biological etiology
mild brain dysfunction
49
Childhood experiences causing BPD
Child abuse/neglect Child sexual abuse Attachment problems with parents Modelling Linehan's Biosocial Theory
50
Linehan's Biosocial Theory
BPD is a dysfunction of emotion regulation
51
Treatment for BPD
DBT 4 Modules over 12 months
52
BPD medication treatment
Anti-depressants Anti-psychotics Anti- Convulsants
53
What are anti-convulsants used for in BPD
Emotional instability | Impulsivity
54
Histrionic PD
Excessive emotionality and attention-seeking
55
How many symptoms are needed for a HPD diagnosis
5+ symptoms
56
Cultural consideration of HPD
Behaviour must be distressing or impairing functioning
57
Narcissistic PD
Pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy
58
How many symptoms are needed for a NPD diagnosis
5+ symptoms
59
What is NPD associated with
Frequent internet and social media use
60
Cluster C PDs
Avoidant PD Dependent PD Obsessive-compulsive PD
61
Avoidant PD
Social Inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
62
comorbidity
co-occurrence in the sae person of two or more different disorders
63
overlap
similarity of symptoms in two or more different disorders
64
personality of paranoid personality disorder
humourless, eccentric, hostile, jealous, and preoccupied with power and control
65
difference in paranoid schizophrenia and paranoid personality
severity of paranoid beliefs - in paranoid personality they are non-bizzare
66
personality of schizoid personality disorder
loners, cold, indifferent towards others, no desire to have any sort of relationships or go out, don't desire sexual relations
67
what do low doses of antipsychotic drugs release in schizotypal personality disorder
cognitive problems, social anxiety. antidepressant medication can also produce these effects
68
Antisocial PD diagnosis requires what 7 violation of rights of others
nonconformity, callousness, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, impulsivity, aggressiveness, and recklessness
69
polythetic approach
subset of symptoms or behaviours is required for a diagnosis, unlike most medical diagnosis
70
fearlessness hypothesis (Antisocial PD)
Antisocial PD individuals have a higher threshold for feeling fear than do the other people
71
dependent personality disorder
rely on someone else to make decisions - seek advice and direction from others
72
cognitive restructuring
basis for change along with skills training and behavioural practices
73
dialectical behaviour therapy
more for BPD, acceptance by the therapists of the patients demanding and manipulative behaviors

Abnormal Psychology (14 decks)

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