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Medical Terminology > Chapter 11: Blood and Immunity > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Blood and Immunity Flashcards

(109 cards)

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1
Q

plasma

A

liquid component of blood, 90% water
nutrients
electrolytes
gases
albumin
clotting factors
antibodies
wastes
enzymes
hormones

pH7.4

~55% of blood content

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2
Q

formed elements

A

~45% of blood
blood cells

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3
Q

albumin

A

protein in blood plasma

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4
Q

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

NO NUCLEUS, die after 120 days

carry oxygen bound to hemoglobin

carries some CO2 and buffers blood

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5
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells

immunity, destroys foreign matter/debris

blood, tissues, lymphatic system

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6
Q

platelets

A

thrombocytes

coagulation, hemostasis

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7
Q

where are blood cells produced

A

red bone marrow

some WBCs can multiply in lymphoid tissue

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8
Q

erythropoietin

A

Hormone made in the kidneys that regulates production of red blood cells

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9
Q

neutrophil

A

WBC

PHAGOCYTOSIS

Granulocyte

NEUTRAL = neutr/o

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10
Q

Eosinophil

A

WBC

allergic reactions

defends against parasites

Granulocyte

ACIDIC = EOSIN/O

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11
Q

Basophil

A

WBC

allergic reactions

Granulocyte

BAS/O = basic

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12
Q

lymphocyte

A

immunity

T/B cells

agranulocyte

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13
Q

Monocyte

A

phagocytosis

agranulocyte

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14
Q

CBC with differential

A

count of different types of WBCs

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15
Q

bands

A

immature neutrophils indicated in infection

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16
Q

megakaryocytes

A

create thrombocytes by breaking off pieces

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17
Q

platelet function

A

hemostasis and coagulation

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18
Q

coagulation cascade

A

when blood vessel damaged

beginning of coagulation by clotting factors

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19
Q

fibrinogen

A

when coagulation begins, the fibrinogen is converted to fibrin that traps blood cells and plasma to form clot

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20
Q

serum

A

the blood that remains after coagulation

plasma without clotting factors

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21
Q

blast/o

A

immature cell

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22
Q

-blast

A

immature cell

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23
Q

left shift

A

when CBC w/ diff has increased bands

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24
Q

agglutination

A

reaction of erythrocytes to blood typing

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25
cross-matching
when blood is tested for reactivity pre-transfusion
26
antigen
any foreign particle or substance that evokes an immune response
27
T cells
T lymphocytes mature in thymus detect antigens CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY
28
cell-mediated immunity
when cells directly attack other cells
29
antigen presenting cells APCs
take in and process foreign antigens to activate a T cell (descendants of monocytes do this)
30
B cells
b lymphocytes mature in bone marrow mature into plasma cells and produce antibodies or immunoglobins
31
innate immunity
built in mechanisms to defend against invading organisms/foreign substances (NONSPECIFIC) skin, cilia, mucus, bactericidal stuffs, reflexes, lymphoid tissue, phagocytes
32
gamma globulin
portion of plasma that contains antibodies
33
active natural adaptive immunity
occurs from contact with antigen
34
passive natural adaptive immunity
transfer by breastmilk/placenta
35
artificial active adaptive immunity
vaccine
36
artificial passive adaptive immunity
administration of immune serum obtained from other people/animals (IVIG)
37
humoral immunity
antibody based immunity (B cells)
38
cell-mediated immunity
T cells (attack cells directly)
39
active immunity
cell generation of immunity
40
passive immunity
receiving another organism's immunity that you did not generate
41
agranulocytes
no visible granules lymphocytes and monocytes
42
antibody
protein produced in response to and interacting specifically with an antigen
43
antigen
induces formation of antibody
44
electrolyte
substance that separates into charged particles in a solution; a salt
45
formed elements
cellular components of blood
46
what is gamma globulin used for clinically
passive transfer of immunity
47
hemoglobin
iron-containing pigment in RBCs that transports oxygen
48
hemostasis
stoppage of bleeding
49
immunity
process of being protected against a disease
50
lymphocyte
agranular immune cells T and B (in blood/lymphoid tissue)
51
plasma cell
mature B cell can produce antibodies
52
-emia, -hemia
condition of blood
53
-penia
deficiency of, decrease in
54
-poiesis
formation, production
55
myel/o
bone marrow, spinal cord
56
hem/o, hemat/o
blood
57
erythr/o, erythrocyt/o
RBC
58
leuk/o, leukocyt/o
WBC
59
lymph/o, lymphocyt/o
lymphocyte
60
thromb/o
blood clot
61
thrombocyt/o
platelet, thrombocyte
62
immun/o
immunity, immune system
63
azot/o
nitrogenous compunds
64
calc/i
calcium
65
ferr/o, ferr/i
iron
66
sider/o
iron
67
kali
potassium
68
natri
sodium
69
ox/y
oxygen
70
hematocrit
percentage of PRBCs/whole blood
71
anemia
low hemoglobin (low number, microcytic RBCs, hypochromic - too little hemoglobin)
72
aplastic anemia
bone marrow destruction - pancytopenia drugs, toxins, radiation, cancer transplantation
73
nutritional anemia
deficiency of B12/iron supplementation
74
pernicious anemia
B12 deficient lack of intrinsic factor - substance that aids in absorption of B12 B12 injections pernicious b/c named before treatment
75
sideroblastic anemia
iron not used to make hemoglobin sideroblast is erythroblast with iron granules ENOUGH IRON, nOT USED CORRECTLY
76
hemorrhagic anemia
blood loss
77
thalasseemia
hereditary, Mediterranean abnormal heme production and hemolysis (GREEK NAME) COOLEY is beta type
78
sickle cell anemia
mutation which alters heme production so it distorts when it gives up O2 and turns into crescent shape deprived issues of oxygen cells destroyed fasterr
79
reticulocytes
immature RBCs, if more indicate RBC creation if less indicate issue with RBC production (aplastic/nutritional anemia)
80
Mean corpuscular Volume MCV
volume of average RBC
81
Mean corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration MCHC
average [hemoglobin] in RBCs
82
thrombocytopenia
low platelets (anemia, infections, cancer) bleeding
83
disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC
clotting in vessels obstructs circulation to tissues can result in hemorrhage since clotting factors have been used
84
hemophilia
deficiency of clotting factor which is hereditary bleeding
85
how is a CBC charted
left WBC, top Hgb, bottom Hct, right PLT
86
leukocytosis
high WBC
87
leukopenia
low WBC
88
thrombocytosis
high platelets
89
polycythemia
high H&H
90
erythrocytosis
high H&H
91
myelogenous leukemia
originates in bone marrow
92
lymphocytic leukemia
originates in lymph cells
93
acute myeloblastic leukemia - AML
common in kids and adults poor prognosis
94
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
with treatment remission is good
95
chronic myelogenous leukemia
chronic, in marrow
96
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
appears in elderly, slow growing
97
leukemia treatment
stem cells, umbilical cells
98
Hodgkin lymphoma
cancer of B cells Reed-Sternberg cells
99
non-hodgekin lymphoma
malignant enlargement of lymph nodes with no reed-sternberg cells may be related to infection with certain viruses bone marrow transpl chemo
100
multiple myeloma
cancer of bone marrow cells that form blood plasma cells anemia, bone pain, bone weakening
101
hypersensitivity
harmful reaction of immune system
102
allergy
sensitive to antigen more than average
103
anaphylactic reaction
allergic response with shock that may result in death epinephrine
104
delayed hypersensitivity reatcion
involves T cells and takes 12 hours to develop poison ivy
105
immunodeficiency
failure of immune sustem AIDS
106
autoimmune diseases
reaction to own cells that have changed or have been altered by mutation/disease lupis, etc
107
eccymosis
collection of blood under skin by vessel leak
108
hemolysis
rupture of RBC, hemoglobin released
109
leukemia symptoms
splenomegaly, heptomegaly, anemia, fatigue, easy bleeding

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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