Chapter 8 Special Senses: Ear and Eye Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
general senses found in skin
A
pain
touch
pressure
temp
proprioception
2
Q
special senses
A
gustation
olfaction
hearing
equilibrium
vision
3
Q
equilibrium
A
balance
4
Q
gustation
A
taste
5
Q
hearing
A
sound
6
Q
olfaction
A
smell
7
Q
proprioception
A
posture, movement, changes in equilibrium
8
Q
tactile
A
touch
9
Q
vision
A
light t o sight
10
Q
-esthesia
A
sensation
11
Q
-algesia
A
pai n
12
Q
-osmia
A
sense of smell
13
Q
-geusia
A
taste
14
Q
pinna
A
projection of ear, also called auricle (where you get piercings)
15
Q
auricle
A
also called pinna, projection of ear
16
Q
external auditory canal
A
where earwax collects, called meatus too
17
Q
meatus
A
external auditory canal
18
Q
tympanic membrane
A
also called eardrum, before malleus, deep to meatus
19
Q
cerumen
A
earwax
- protection
- infection prevention
20
Q
ossicles
A
small bones
- malleus
- incus
- stapes
21
Q
auditory tube
A
eustachian tube
- connects middle ear with nasopharynx
- equalizes pressure between outer ear and middle ear
22
Q
how is the inner ear described?
A
labyrinth
- complex shape!!!
23
Q
cochlea
A
snail shell
24
Q
spiral organ
A
part of cochlea that allows for hearing
also called organ of Corti
25
organ of corti
also called spiral organ
cells respond to sound
26
vestibular apparatus
sense of equilibrium
- semicircular canals
- vestibule
27
vestibulocochlear nerve
nerve that transmits ear impulses to brain (VII)
28
incus
Middle ossicle
29
malleus
middle ossicle
30
stapes
most deep ossicle
31
audi/o
hearing
32
acous
sound, hearing
33
acus
sound, hearing
34
cus
sound, hearing
35
ot/o
ear
36
myring/o
tympanic membrane
37
tympan/o
tympanic cavity (middle ear), tympanic membrane
38
salping/o
tube, auditory tube
39
staped/o, stapedi/o
stapes
40
labyrnth/o
labyrinth (inner ear)
41
vestibul/o
vestibule, vestibular apparatus
42
cochle/o
cochlea (of inner ear)
43
sensorineural hearing loss
damage to
- inner ear
- VII nerve
- central auditory pathways
(heredity, toxins, loud noises, aging)
inability to hear frequencies to deafness
COCHLEAR IMPLANT
44
conductive hearing loss
blockage in sound transmission to inner ear
(infection, obstruction, fixation of ossicles)
often easily cured
45
otitis media
infection that results in fluid in middle ear
(allergy, enlarged adenoids, injury, congenital, infection)
myringotomy - tube in tympanic membrane to drain fluid
46
otitis externa
inflammation of external auditory canal
swimmer's ear (infection)
47
otosclerosis
body of inner ear deteriorates and reforms into spongy tissue that may harden
- stapes fixated to inner ear, unable to vibrate (conductive hearing loss)
STAPEDECTOMY (prosthetic stapes inserted as replacement)
48
MÉNIÈRE DISEASE
inner ear
- malfunction of fluid production and circulation
- vertigo, tinnitus, pressure in ear
- drugs
-Vestibulocochlear nerve may become damaged in severe cases
49
acoustic neuroma
tumor from neurilemma of surrounding nerves (schwannoma, neurilemmoma)
- decreased blood supply, surgery needed
50
Orbit
bony socket that eye resides in
51
palpebrae
eyelids
52
lacrimal glands
tear glands
53
conjunctiva
thin membrane that lines eyelids and covers anterior portion of eye
54
sclera
outermost layer of eye, WHITE
extends over anterior portion and meets with c ornea
55
cornea
transparent curved outer portion of anterior eye
56
uvea
choroid
ciliary body
iris
57
choroid
vascular and pigmented layer of posterior eye
nourishment for retina
58
ciliary body
muscle to control shape of lens for near/far vision
ACCOMODATION
59
accomodation
ciliary body contracts and relaxes to reshape the lens for near and far vision; near vision requires a more rounded lens
60
iris
muscular ring to control pupil size
- regulates light that enters eye
61
pupil
opening of iris
62
retina
visual receptor area deep to choroid plexus
- contains rods and cones
63
rods
dim light
- sharpness
- do not respond to color
64
cones
bright light
- high visual acuity
- COLOR
65
refraction
bending of light rays as they pass through the eyes
66
how is visual information transmitted to brain
optic nerve II
67
opticv disk
where optic nerve II connects to eye; no visual information here, blind spot because no rods or cones
68
fovea
high concentration of cones for highest visual acuity
69
macula
surrounds fovea, yellow
70
vitreous body
jelly like fluid that fills eye
shapes eye
refracts light
71
aqueous humor
fluid that fills space between the lens and cornea
72
convergence
6 muscles converge at eye to produce coordinated eye movements so they can focus on the same spots
73
visual acuity
sharpness of vision
74
blephar/o
eyelid
75
palpabr/o
eyelid
76
dacry/o
tear, lacrimal apparatus
77
dacryocyst/o
lacrimal sac
78
lacrim/o
tear, lacrimal apparatus
79
opt/o
eye, vision
80
ocul/o
eye
81
opthalm/o
eye
82
scler/o
sclera
83
corne/o
cornea
84
kerat/o
cornea
85
lent/i
lens
86
phak/o, phac/o
lens
87
uve/o
uvea
88
chori/o, choroid/o
choroid
89
cycl/o
ciliary body, ciliary muscle
90
ir, irit/o, irid/o
iris
91
pupill/o
pupil
92
retin/o
retina
93
-opia
condition of vision
94
-opia
condition of eye/vision
95
myopia
nearsightnedness (long eye, things appear before the retina)
96
hyperopia
farsightedness (short eye, things appear behind the retina)
97
astigmatism
irregularity of corneal curve that distorts light entering eye
- blurs visionq
98
conjuntivitis
inflammation of conjunctiva
99
trachoma
inflammation of cornea and conjunctiva that causes scarring (antibiotics/sulfa drugs)
uncommon in USA but can cause blindness in other countries
100
ophthalmia neonatorum
gonorrhea causes acute conjunctivitis in newborns; erythromycin used to prevent
101
retinal detachment
retina separates from choroid and cause blindness
- laser
102
macular degeneration
spot degenerates, caused by
- aging
- drug toxicity
- hereditary diseases
CENTRAL VISION IMPACTED AND NOT PERIPHERAL
103
AMD
age related macular degenerationdr
104
dry AMD
material accumulates on retina (supplements may delay)
105
wet AMD
abnormal blood vessels grow under retina - detachment
intraocular injections to prevent
laser treatment (stop blood vessel growth)
106
diabetic retinopathy
circulation problems with diabetes mellitus
changes to retina
vascular damage, lipoprotein exudate (new blood vessels go into vitreous humor and hemorrhage)
107
cataract
opacity of lens that blurs vision
(age, environment, UV light)
108
phacoemulsification
cataract removal where lens anterior capsule is removed by high frequency ultrasound to break it up with subsequent extraction
109
glaucoma
increase of pressure within eyeball
too much aqueous humor, puts pressure on blood vessels and on optic nerve II (rubella in fetus can cause glaucoma, cataracts, hearing loss)
110
presbyopia
changes in eye that happen with age (lens elasticity loss, inability to accommodate for near vision)
111
homonymous hemianopia
loss of vision in half of the visual field in both eyes on the same side
112
exopthalmos
protrusion of eyeball (proptosis)
113
anacusis
total deafness
114
ORL
otorhinolaryngology
