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Medical Terminology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

endocrine system

A

one of the two main controlling systems of the body (along with nervous system)

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2
Q

hormones

A

regulatory substances secreted by glands

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3
Q

are endocrine glands ducts?

A

NO! They are ductless glands because they secrete to the bloodstream

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4
Q

target tissue

A

specific tissue that is influenced by a specific hormone

have specialized receptors

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5
Q

steroid hormones

A

made from lipids

found in
- gonads
- cortex of adrenals

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6
Q

what are hormones made of?

A

predominately amino acids

lipids

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7
Q

how are hormones controlled

A

negative feedback!

self-regulating

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8
Q

Pituitary gland other name

A

hypophysis

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9
Q

where is pituitary gland

A

beneath the brain
- anterior portion (adenohypophysis)
- posterior portion (neurohypophysis)

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10
Q

what controls the pituitary

A

hypothalamus (part of endocrine and nervous systems)

HOMEOSTASIS

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11
Q

growth hormone

A

produced by pituitary

SOMATOTROPIN

growth

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12
Q

how many hormones does the anterior pituitary produce

A

6

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13
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

found in anterior pituitary

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14
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

stimulates adrenal cortex

found in anterior pituitary

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15
Q

FSH

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

stimulates gonadal growth

anterior pituitary

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16
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

development of corpus luteum at site of ruptured ovarian follicle; testosterone secretion

anterior pituitary

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17
Q

PRL

A

prolactin

milk secretion

anterior pituitary

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18
Q

what hormone are secreted in the anterior pituitary

A

Growth hormone GH
TSH thyroid stimulating hormone
ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone
FSH follicle-stimulating hormone
LH luteinizing hormone
PRL prolactin

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19
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

vasopressin

water reabsorption in kidneys, blood vessel constriction

posterior pituitary

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20
Q

oxytocin

A

uterine contraction, milk ejection from mammary glands

posterior pituitary

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21
Q

what hormones are secreted in the posterior pituitary

A

ADH antidiuretic hormone
oxytocin

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22
Q

thyroxine

A

T4 (tetraiodothyronine)
T3 (triiodothyronine)

increases metabolic rate and heat, influences physical and mental activities, normal growth

thyroid

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23
Q

what hormones are found in the thyroid

A

thyroxine (T4 and T3)

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24
Q

PTH

A

parathyroid hormone

calcium exchange btw blood and bones, increases Ca in blood

parathyroid gland

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25
what hormones are found in parathyroid
PTH parathyroid hormone calcium exchange
26
cortisol
metabolism of macromolecules, stress active adrenal cortex
27
aldosterone
regulates electrolytes and water balance adrenal cortex
28
sex hormones
influences sexual characteristics adrenal cortex
29
what hormones are found in adrenal cortex
cortisol aldosterone sex hormones
30
epinephrine
response to stress adrenal medulla
31
what hormones are found in adrenal medulla
epinephrine
32
insulin
decreases blood glucose, transports glucose into cells, metabolism pancreatic islet
33
glucagon
liver to release glucose, increases blood glucose pancreatic islet
34
what hormones are found in the pancreatic islet
insulin glucagon
35
melatonin
mood, sexual development, circadian rhythm pineal gland
36
what hormones are found in pineal gland
melatonin
37
what hormones are found in the testis
testosterone
38
testosterone
tesis growth and development of sexual organs and sexual characteristics, maturation of sperm cells
39
estrogen
ovary primary/secondary sexual organs/characteristics
40
progesterone
prepares uterine lining for implantation of fertilized ovum maintains pregnancy, develops milk gland secretions ovary
41
what hormones are found in ovaries
estrogen progesterone
42
thymosin
development of T cells for immune system
43
thymus
above heart secretes thymosin (t cells)
44
prostaglandins
group of hormones produced by many cells (uterine contraction, inflammation, vasomotor activities)
45
endocrin/o
endocrine glands or system
46
pituitar/i
pituitary gland/hypophysis
47
phypophysi/o
pituitary gland/hypophysis
48
thyr/o, thyroid/o
thyroid gland
49
parathyr/o, parathyroid/o
parathyroid gland
50
adren/o, adrenal/o
adrenal gland, epinephrine
51
adrenocortic/o
adrenal cortex
52
insul/o
pancreatic islets
53
adenoma
glandular tumor can produce its own hormones surgery/drugs to decrease hormones
54
What happens if too much ACTH??
excess cortisol, which leads to Cushing's disease
55
Excess PRL
prolactin can lead to milk in men and women
56
panhypopituitarism (PHP)
hypofunction of pituitary caused by tumor usually drugs, head injury, surgery most commonly impacted is vasopressin (diabetes insipidus) dwarfism, lack of sexual development, fatigue, weakness
57
Graves disease
hyperthyroidism (most common form) (weight loss, exophthalmia, goiter) diffuse toxic goiter tachycardia (antithyritic drugs, excision of thyroid) measured by seeing uptake of iodine in gland
58
hyperparathyroid
too much calcium in blood kidney stones
59
hypoparathyroid
decrease in calcium tingling numbness tetany (muscle spasms)
60
addison's diseas
hypofunction of adrenal cortex, adrenal insufficiency (can also occur with not enough ACTH) water loss, hypotension, weakness, etc increase in melanocyte stimulating hormone
61
cushing's disease/syndrome
excess of adrenal cortical hormones steroid hormone administration adrenal tumor moon-shaped face, trunk obesity, hirsutism
62
diabetes mellitus
lack of insulin/response to insulin excess glucose in blood, HYPERGLYCEMIA, excess urination to get it out ketosis, when too much ketoacidosis
63
type 1 diabetes
destruction of pancreatic islet cells, can't produce insulin AUTOIMMUNE
64
type 2 diabetes
cell resistance to insulin can't produce enough insulin when one eats too much sugar (usually seen in older people but is moving to younger populations because of habits)
65
type II diabetes associated with
metabolic syndrome or syndrome X - HTN - hyperglycemia - trunk obesity - cholesterol
66
management of DM
glycated hemoglobbin (HBA1c) to reflect glucose uptake by red blood cells over past 2-3 months)
67
oral glucose tolerance test
test for diabetes
68
too much insulin
pancreatic tumor hypoglycemia insulin shock/hypoglycemic shock
69
how is hypoglycemic shock treated
sugars or glucagon (intranasally/IV)
70
diabetes insipidus
lack of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) kidneys can't conserve water as well polyuria, polydipsia (thirst)
71
diabetes
insipidus (lack of ADH) mellitus (insulin/islet issues)
72
congenital hypothyroidism
deficiency of thyroid hormone in infancy retardation by 6 months
73
adult hypothyroidism
weight gain, lethargy, rough, dry skin, hair loss, facial swelling, reproductive issues, muscular weakness, pain, stiffness (usually autoimmune)
74
OGTT
oral glucose tolerance test measure glucose levels post oral glucose impaired fasting glucose tolerance and impaired glucose tolerance are used to distinguish diabetes
75
HBA1c Test
glycated hemoglobin test based on glucose uptake by red blood cells reflects average blood glucose levels for 2-3 months prior
76
too much insulin
pancreatic tumor/too much administered hypoglycemia and insulin shock administration of GLUCAGON/GLUCOSE dogs can alert :)
77
glycosuria
glucose in urine
78
nontoxic goiter
iodine deficiency (a toxic goiter caused by hormone abnormalities)
79
panhypopituitarism
underactivity of entire pituitary gland
80
tetany
irritability and spasms of muscles low calcium (hypoparathyroid)

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