- skeletal moves skeleton - cardiac moves heart - smooth forms walls in organs and is involuntary

Chapter 2 Body Structure Flashcards by Alyssa Poulsen

Metabolism

Sum of body’s physical and chemical activities

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plasma membrane

outer layer of cell
composed of lipids and proteins
(exchange of goods, growth reproduction, cell interaction)

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microvilli

extensions of cell membrane
absorbs material into cell

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nucleus

large membrane bound organelle
contains chromosomes

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nucleolus

thing in nucleus (core)
RIBOSOME PRODUCTION

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cytoplasm

fills cell; consists of fluid and organelles

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cytosol

fluid part of cytoplasm

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endoplasmic reticulum

membranes within cytoplasm; rough ER has ribosomes and makes proteins, smooth ER for lipids

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ribososmes

small bodies attached to ER made of RNA and protein (MAKE PROTEINS)

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golgi apparatus

layers of membranes
modifies proteins, sorts and prepares for transport

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mitochondria

large, folded membranes, makes ATP

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lysosomes

digestive enzymes, breaks stuff down in cells

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peroxisomes

enzymes, breaks down harmful stuff

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vesicles

membrane bound sacs, transport stuff in bulk in/out of cell ( think starwars cargo ship)

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centrioles

rod shaped near nucleus, separates chromosomes during division

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surface projections

structures extend from cell, move cell

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cilia

cell hair, move fluid around cell

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flagellum

whip tail, moves cell

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meiosis

prepares for fertilization, halves genes

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epithelial tissue

covers and protects organs and body structures

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simple epithelium

absorb substances from one system to another (resp, dig)

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stratified epithelium

protects deeper tissues (ex: vagina, mouth)

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connective tissue

supports and binds structures
fibers and nonliving materials
- blood
- adipose
- cartilage
- bone

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muscle tissue

skeletal moves skeleton
cardiac moves heart
smooth forms walls in organs and is involuntary

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nervous tissue

brain spinal cord and nerves controls and coordinates body responses by electrical impulses

histology

study of tissues

integumentary system

skin, hair, sweat glands, oil glands protection and body temp regulation

skeletal system

bones and joints

muscular system

moves skeleton makes up walls of internal organs protect body parts

nervous system

brain spinal cord, special senses (ear and eye) receives and processes stimuli

endocrine system

individual glands that produce hormones

cardiovascular system

blood, heart, blood vessels

lymphatic system

circulation, protect body from foreign materials

respiratory system

obtains oxygen needed for metabolism and eliminates CO2

digestive system

absorbs nutrients and eliminates waste

urinary system

eliminates soluble waste, balances volume and composition of body fluids

cytology

study of cells

gene

UNIT of DNA that composes chromosome

glucose

main energy source, simple sugar

mucus

protects tissues

proteins

can be - structural - enzymes - hormones

RNA

make proteins

morph/o

form

kary/o

nucleus

hist/o

tissue

histi/o

tissue

fibr/o

fiber

reticul/o

network

aden/o

gland

papill/o

nipple

myx/o

mucus

muc/o

mucus, mucus membrane

somat/o

body

-some

small body

blast/o, -blast

immature cell, productive cell, embryonic cell

gen

origin, formation

phag/o

eat, ingest

phil

attract, absorb

plas

formation, molding, development

trop

act on, affect

troph/o

feeding, growth, development

-ase

enzyme

-ose

sugar

hydr/o

water, fluid

gluc/o

glucose

glyc/o

sugar, glucose

sacchar/o

sugar

amyl/o

starch

lip/o

lipid, fat

adip/o

fat

steat/o

fatty

prote/o

protein

parenchyma

functional tissue of organ

coronal plane

crown, front to back

sagittal plane

side to side, from word arrow

transverse plane

top and bottom

dorsal cavity

brain and spinal cord

ventral cavity

thoracic cavity separate from abdominal cavity by diaphragm, pelvic cavity

peritoneum

membrane that covers abdominopelvic cavity

epigastric

above stomach, one of 9

umbilical

at umbilicus

hypogastric

below umbilicus, middle below stomach

hypochondriac

on left and right upper regions

lumbar

left and right middle regions

iliac

left and right lower regions

cranial

head,skull

facial

face

frontal

forehead

ocular

eye

oral

mouth

thoracic

chest

brachial

arm

antebrachial

forearm

carpal

wrist

manual

hand

femoral

thigh

crural

leg

pedal

foot

mammary

breast

axillary

armpit

antecubital

inner elbow

umbilical

navel

inguinal

groin

pubis

pubic

palmar

palm

phalangeal

fingers/toes

patellar

knee cap

parietal

crown of head

occipital

base of skull

acromial

shoulder

scapular

shoulder blade

iliac

hip

sural

calf

calcaneal

heel

cervical

neck

deltoil

shoulder (lateral)

lumbar

small of back

sacral

sacrum(tailbone region)

gluteal

buttock

popliteal

back of knee

plantar

sole of foot

anatomic position

standing facing forward with arms at side, palm forward, legs parallel, toes forward

decubitus position

lying down

dorsal recumbent position

on back with legs bent and separated, feet flat, used for OBGYN

fowler position

on back, head of bed raised 18 inches, knees elevated used for drainage

jackknife position

on back with shoulders elevated, legs flexed and thighs at right angels to abdomen; used to insert foley

knee-chest position

on knees, head and upper chest on table, arms crossed above head; used to flush intestine

lateral recumbent position

on side with one leg flexed

lithotomy position

on back with legs flexed on abdomen, thighs apart used for gyn and uro surgery

prone

facing down

prone jackknife

body facing down in V used for anorectal surgery

sims position

on left side, leg drawn up and forward, left arm on back, chest forward resting on bed kidney/uterine surgery, colon exam, enema

supine

lying face up

Trendelenburg position

supine, head lowered at 45 degrees pelvic/abdominal surgery, treatment of shock

abdominal cavity

ventral cavity below diaphragm, above pelvic

abdominopelvic cavity

between diaphragm and pelvis; ventral

cranial cavity

dorsal cavity, contains brain

diaphragm

separates thoracic and abdominal cavity

frontal plane

same as coronal; separates body into dorsal and ventral sections

peritoneum

serous membrane that lines abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs inside it

spinal cavity

dorsal cavity that contains spinal cord

thoracic cavity

ventral cavity above diaphragm

cephal/o

head

cervic/o

neck

thorac/o

chest, thorax

abdomin/o

abdomence

celi/o

abdomen

lapar/o

abdominal wall

lumb/o

lumbar region, lower back

periton/peritone/o

peritoneum

acro

extremity, end

brachi/o

arm

dactyl/o

finger, toe

ped/o

foot

pod/o

foot

circum-

around

peri-

around

intra-

in, within

epi-

on, over

extra-

outside

infra-

below

sub-

below, under

inter-

between

juxta-

near, beside

para-

near, beside

retro-

behind, backward

supra-

above

digit

finger or toe

epigastrum

epigastric region

fundus

base or body of hollow organ, area of organ farthest from opening

hypochondrium

hypochondriac region

lumen

central opening of tube or hollow organ

meatus

passage/opening

orifice

opening of cavity

mouth, any body opening

septum

wall dividing two cavities

sinus

cavity (within bone)

sphincter

circular muscular that regulates opening