Chapter 6 Muscular System

Question 1

main types of muscle

Answer 1

smooth
cardiac
skeletal

Question 2

smooth muscle

Answer 2

walls of hollow organs, walls of ducts (vessels, bronchioles)

peristalsis (wave-like motion to propel)

Question 3

cardiac muscle

Answer 3

heart wall pumping

Question 4

skeletal muscle

Answer 4

bone attachment, voluntary movement

posture, body heat

Question 5

fascicles

Answer 5

bundle of cells in skeletal muscle

Question 6

fascia

Answer 6

connective tissue covering whole muscle

Question 7

tendons

Answer 7

arise from fascia and fascicles

Question 8

NMJ

Answer 8

neuromuscular junction

synapse where branch of neuron meets muscle cell

Question 9

ACh

Answer 9

acetylcholine - released from vesicles in axon of neuron and interacts with muscle cell to contract

Question 10

protein filaments

Answer 10

actin and myosin

interact to produce contraction

calcium and ATP are needed for interaction

Question 11

tonus

Answer 11

when muscles are kept in a partially contracted state

POSTURE

Question 12

agonist

Answer 12

a muscle that produces a movement

Question 13

prime mover

Answer 13

the main muscle in a group that produces the movement

Question 14

antagonist

Answer 14

when agonist contracts, the antagonist relaxes (and MUST relax) - (quads vs hammies)

Question 15

synergist

Answer 15

a muscle that assists the prime mover

Question 16

origin

Answer 16

where the muscle is inserted into a STABLE part of the skeleton

Question 17

insertion

Answer 17

where a muscle is attached to a MOVING part of skeleton

Question 18

flexion

Answer 18

closing angle at a joint

Question 19

extension

Answer 19

opening angle at joint

Question 20

abduction

Answer 20

away from midline

Question 21

adduction

Answer 21

toward midline

Question 22

rotation

Answer 22

turning of body part on its axis (head shake)

Question 23

circumduction

Answer 23

circular movement from a center point (hip movement)

Question 24

pronation

Answer 24

turn downward (hand)

Question 25

supination

Answer 25

turn upward (hand)

Question 26

eversion

Answer 26

turn outward (foot)

Question 27

inversion

Answer 27

turn inward (foot)

Question 28

dorsiflexion

Answer 28

bend backward (point toes up)

Question 29

plantar flexion

Answer 29

bend sole of foot (point toes down)

Question 30

my/o

Answer 30

muscle

Question 31

muscul/o

Answer 31

muscle

Question 32

in/o

Answer 32

fiber

Question 33

fasci/o

Answer 33

fascia

Question 34

ten/o

Answer 34

tendon

Question 35

tendin/o

Answer 35

tendin

Question 36

ton/o

Answer 36

tone

Question 37

erg/o

Answer 37

work

Question 38

kin/o

Answer 38

movement

Question 39

kine

Answer 39

movement

Question 40

kinesi/o

Answer 40

movement

Question 41

kinet/o

Answer 41

movement

Question 42

EMG

Answer 42

electromyography electrical studies of muscles in action

Question 43

CK

Answer 43

creatine kinase enzyme assay released when muscles are damaged

Question 44

muscular dystrophy

Answer 44

group of hereditary diseases involving progressive non-inflammatory muscular degeneration

Question 45

polymyositis

Answer 45

inflammation of skeletal muscle leading to weakness - dysphagia (trouble swallowing)

Question 46

dermatomyosis

Answer 46

when skin is involved in polymyositis

Question 47

FMS

Answer 47

fibromyalgia syndrome aches, tenderness, stiffness, fatigue, sleep issues NO KNOWN CAUSE/NO NEURO

Question 48

CFS

Answer 48

chronic fatigue syndrome fatigue of no known cause - memory issues, sore throat, lymph node issues, aches and pains, sleep issues, immune disorder after mono/herpes

Question 49

MG

Answer 49

myasthenia gravis autoimmune disease by loss of ACh receptors (muscles can't contract without these) ptosis (drooping eyelids) loss of muscle power

Question 50

ALS

Answer 50

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis amyotrophy

Question 51

RSI

Answer 51

repetitive strain injury (sprain, strain, tenosynovitis/tendinitis)

Question 52

sprain

Answer 52

injury to ligament caused by abnormal/excessive force at a joint, NO dislocation or fracture

Question 53

strain

Answer 53

inflammation or tearing of ligaments and tendons or muscle detachment from tendon or tendon from bone

Question 54

tenosynovitis

Answer 54

tendinitis inflammation of tendon, tendon sheath, and synovial membrane at a joint

Question 55

RTC

Answer 55

rotator cuff SITS muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis) OVERHEAD

Question 56

epicondylitis

Answer 56

golfer's tennis elbow medial and later epicondyles of distal humerus- tendons that insert here for fingers and forearm squeezing inflamed

Question 57

CTS

Answer 57

carpal tunnel syndrome tendons of finger flexor muscles and nerves of hands/fingers (pressure on median nerve = numbness)t

Question 58

trigger finger

Answer 58

locking of finger when moved by swelling of flexor tendon sheath at metacarpophalangeal joint

Question 59

hamstring strain

Answer 59

runners who start and stop quickly

Question 60

shin splint

Answer 60

anterior tibial region from running on hard surfaces or overuse of foot flexors

Question 61

Achilles tendinitis

Answer 61

prevents or almost prevents walking/running

Question 62

ROM

Answer 62

range of motion

Question 63

RICE

Answer 63

rest ice compression elevation

Question 64

myopathy

Answer 64

disease of muscle tissue

Question 65

duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer 65

common and severe form