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Medical Terminology > Chapter 12: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

pharynx

A

throat

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2
Q

Parts that make up upper respiratory passageway

A

nose and throat

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3
Q

turbinate bones

A

receptors of smell are located here!

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3
Q

sinuses

A

air-filled cavities lined with mucous that drain into the nose
- lighten bones
- resonance for speech production

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3
Q

pharynx

A

naso, oro, and laryngopharynx

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3
Q

nasopharynx

A

located behind nasal cavity, where nose cavity leads to

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4
Q

oropharynx

A

behind the mouth, contains tonsils

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4
Q

laryngopharynx

A

inferior to oropharynx located dorsal to the larynx

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5
Q

palatine tonsils

A

strep throat MFs

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6
Q

adenoid

A

single pharyngeal tonsil in nasopharynx

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7
Q

lingual tonsils

A

lymphoid tissue behind tongue

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8
Q

larynx

A

voice box
top of trachea or windpipe
NONE cartilages

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9
Q

epiglottis

A

covers opening of pharynx when someone swallows

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10
Q

glottis

A

opening between vocal folds of chords

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11
Q

trachea

A

below epiglottis

C-shaped cartilage so it does not collapse

part of mediastinum

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12
Q

bronchi

A

trachea splits into bronchi (right and left)

right: short and wide

left: longer

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13
Q

what happens as bronchi split off

A

split into smaller and smaller branches that transition from cartilage to smooth, involuntary muscle

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14
Q

bronchioles

A

smallest of tubes
- air carried into air sacs (alveoli)

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15
Q

alveoli

A

smallest air sacs at ends of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs (O2 diffuses into blood and CO2 diffuses back into lungs to be expelled)

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16
Q

size of lungs?

A

left= smaller to accommodate heart and in 2 sections

right= larger and in 3 sections

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17
Q

pleura

A

double membrane that covers the lungs and lines thoracic cavity

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18
Q

parietal pleura

A

outer layer, attached to wall of thoracic cavity

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19
Q

visceral pleura

A

inner layer, attached to lung surface

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20
Q

pleural space

A

space between pleura; slide over each other easily

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21
pulmonary ventilation
breathing
22
inspiration
breathing in; stimulated by phrenic nerve for diaphragm to contract and flatten intercostal muscles elevate and expand the rib cage
23
expiration
breathing out-- diaphragm relaxes and intercostal muscles contract to lower the rib cage
24
how is breathing controlled
unconsciously by brainstem
25
compliance
how easily lungs expand under pressure
26
surfactant
fluid produced in lungs, aids in expansion by reduction of surface tension
27
hemoglobin
oxygen is bound to this and is released to cells as needed
28
how is CO2 carried
converted into carbonic acid; regulation of CO2 is important to maintain blood pH
29
bronchiol/o
bronchiole
30
bronch/o
bronchus
31
phren/o
diaphragm
32
laryng/o
larynx
33
pneum/o
lung
34
pulm/o
lung
35
nas/o, rhin/o
nose
36
phrenic/o
phrenic nerve
37
pleur/o
pleura
38
laryng/o
larynx
39
trache/o
trachea
40
pharyng/o
pharynx
41
-pnea
breathing
42
-oxia
level of oxygen
43
-capnia
level of carbon dioxide
44
-phonia
voice
45
hyperventilation
too much CO2 exhaled alkalosis
46
hypoventilation
too much co2 in blood acidosis
47
alkalosis
blood too alkaline (ie not enough CO2)
48
acidosis
blood is too acidic (ie too much CO2)
49
diphtheria and pertussis
childhood infections treated by the DTaP vaccine
50
pneumonia
Lobar- acute, one or more lungs broncho- throughout the lung (bronchioles are clogged w/ exudate and solidify)
51
pneumonitis
term used for noninfectious lung inflammation (allergies)
52
TB
tuberculosis antibiotic resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis etymology from lesions, tubercules, that TB creates tubercules can liquidize and release bacteria in blood fever, weightloss, hemoptysis alveoli accumulates tissue - lung tissue consolidation CXR/test for drug effectiveness
52
tests for tuberculosis
- tuberculin test - made from byproducts of tuberculosis - when injected skin forms hard, raised lump - IGRA blood test (immunologic test, confirms results of negative skin test) - NAA sputum test (nucleic acid amplification test)
53
RSV
respiratory syncytial virus most common worldwide, fusion of cells (syncytium) neewborns!
54
influenza
mutates readily and spreads among animals combatted with vaccines, isolation/destruction of infected animals, antiviral meds
55
Croup
affects kids under 3 yrs upper respiratory issues narrowed trachea, stridor (squeaking noise when breathing) FROM OTHER ILLNESSES
56
common cold
rhinoviruses
57
acute rhinitis
inflammation of nasal passageways with copious secretions of mucus
58
emphysema
overexpansion/destruction of alveoli
59
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - asthma - bronchiectasis - chronic bronchitis - emphysema
60
asthma
narrowing of bronchial tubes - edema of bronchial linings - inflammation - mucus accumulation dypsnea, cyanosis, wheezing
61
pneumoconiosis
chronic irritation by dust inhalation
62
respiratory distress syndrome
newborn issue lack of surfactant
63
acute respiratory distress syndrome
from edema, leads to respiratory failure/death if not treated
64
cystic fibrosis
fatal hereditary disease - altered Cl transport across cell membranes - glandular secretions --- thickened bronchiole secretions leads to infections/respiratory disorders - CF diagnosed by extra NA and Cl in sweat/DNA analysis
65
SIDS
sudden infant death syndrome not really understood maternal conditions associated: - cigarettes - age <20 - low weight gain - anemia - drug use - UTI/GBS
66
pleurisy
inflammation of pleura - pain!! shallow breathing because expansion of lungs and movement of pleura hurts
67
pneumothorax
air gets into pleural space
68
atelectasis
compression/collapse of lung
69
pleural effusion
material accumulates in pleural space
70
pyothorax/empyema
accumulation of pus in pleural space
71
hemothorax
blood in pleural space
72
hydrothorax
fluid in pleural space
73
thoracentesis
needle puncture of chest to remove fluid from pleural effusion
74
chest tube
removes air from pneumothorax
75
ABG
arterial blood gas evaluates gas exchange by CO2, O2, HCO3, pH
76
pulmonary function test
spirometer assesses breathing by volume of air
77
tidal volume
air breathed into/out of lungs in relaxed breathing
78
residual volume
amount of air left after maximum exhalation
79
expiratory reserve volume
air amount that can be exhaled after normal exhalation
80
inspiratory reserve volume
amount of air that can be inhaled above a normal inspiration
81
total lung capacity
amount of air that can be contained in lungs after max inhalation
82
inspiratory capacity
amount of air normally inhaled after normal exhalation
83
vital capacity
amount of air that can be expelled from lungs by maximum exhalation after maximum inhalation
84
functional residual capacity
amount of air remaining in lungs after normal exhalation
85
forced expiratory volume
volume of gas exhaled with max force within given interval of time
86
forced vital capacity
volume of gas exhaled as rapidly and completely as possible after a complete inhalation

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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