Chapter 5 Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
axis of skeleton
A
skull and vertebrae
2
Q
cervical vertebrae
A
c1-c7 (first=atlas, second-axis)
3
Q
thorax
A
12 pairs of ribs joined at sternum
4
Q
thoracic vertebrae
A
t1-t12
5
Q
lumbar vertebrae
A
L1-L5
6
Q
coccyx
A
four to five fused bones
7
Q
sternum
A
breastbone
8
Q
appendicular skeleton
A
appended to axial
-shoulder
-upper extremities
9
Q
lower division
A
pelvic bones
legs
10
Q
pelvis
A
joins the sacrum and coccyx
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
11
Q
os coxae
A
pelvic/hip bone
12
Q
acetabulum
A
deep socket in hip
13
Q
cranium
A
houses brain, ear, and eye sockets
14
Q
hand bones
A
carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
15
Q
foot bones
A
tarsals, meta tarsals, phalanges
16
Q
osteoblasts
A
cells that produce bone
17
Q
cartilage
A
dense connective tissue, bone formed when calcium and phosphorous is added to it
18
Q
ossification
A
bone forming, begins before birth and continues into adulthood
19
Q
collagen
A
fibrous protein, give bone strength and resilience
20
Q
is bone living?
A
YES!!!! it is constantly being replaced and remodeled
21
Q
osteocytes
A
mature bone cells that help to maintain bone tissue
22
Q
osteoclasts
A
breakdown of bone to release minerals or reshape/repair
23
Q
resorption
A
destroying bone so that components are taken into circulation
normal if in balance with bone formation
24
Q
abnormal resorption?
A
if greater or less than that of bone growth
25
long bone structure
diaphysis - compact bone
medulla - cavity with bone marrow
epiphysis - spongy bone at end where blood is formed
26
diaphysis
portion of compact bone
27
medulla
cavity within bone with bone marrow (fatty)
28
epiphysis
spongy bone at ends, produces BLOOD
29
periosteum
thin layer of fibrous tissue that covers outer layer of bone
nourishes and protects the bone
generates new bone cells for growth/repair
30
metaphysis
growth region (epiphyseal plate)
calcifies after growth is final
31
epiphyseal plate
growth region (metaphysis
32
flat bones
cranial, ribs, scapulae
33
short bones
carpal/tarsal
34
irregular
facial, vertebrae
35
joints
articulations
36
suture
immovable joint (think skull)
37
symphysis
slightly movable (vertebrae, pubis)
38
synovial
diarthrosis
freely movable
39
tendon
attaches muscles to bones to produce movement at joints
40
diarthrosis
freely movable joint
41
synovial fluid
cavity of diarthrotic/synovial joint
cushions and lubricates
produced by synovial membrane
42
ligaments
stabilize synovial/diarthrotic joints
connect articulating bones
43
bursa
small sac of synovial fluid
cushions area around joint
found at stress points between tendons, ligaments, and bones
44
acetabulum
bony socket in hip that holds femur
45
articulation
joint
46
atlas
first vertebrae of cervix
47
axis
second vertebrae of cervix
48
bone marrow
soft material that fills bone cavities
yellow marrow fills medulla of long bone
red marrow forms blood in spongy
49
ilium
large flared superior part of pelvic bone
50
skeleton
206 b ones
51
axial skeleton
80 bones
skull, spine, ribs, sternum
52
appendicular skeleton
126 bones
arms, legs, shoulder, pelvis
53
tendon
attaches muscle to bone
54
thorax
upper trunk
12 ribs and sternum
55
oste/o
bone
56
myel/o
bone marrow
spinal cord
57
chondr/o
cartilage
58
arthr/o
joint
59
synov/i
synovial/diarthrotic joint
membrane
60
burs/o
bursa
61
crani/o
skull, cranium
62
spondyl/o
vertebrae
63
vertebr/o
vertebrae, spinal column
64
rachi/o
spine
65
cost/o
rib
66
sacr/o
sacrum
67
coccy
coccyx
68
coccyg/o
coccyx
69
pelvi/o
pelvis
70
ili/o
ilium
71
orthopedics
medical specialty that concentrates on diseases of skeletal and MUSCULAR system
72
alkaline phosphatase
enzyme needed for bone calcification
higher levels indicate chondrosarcoma
73
osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone by pus-forming bacteria
enter thru wound/blood
goes to blood rich end of bones and spreads
ANTIBIOTICS
74
pott disease
tuberculosis of spine
weakened vertebrae may collapse and cause pain/deformity
75
fracture
break in bone
76
reduction
bone is realigned after fracture
77
closed reduction
no surgery required for fracture
78
open reduction
surgery is required for proper reduction of fracture
79
traction
pulleys and weights used to maintain alignment of bone after fracture
80
osteoporosis
bone mass loss, often age/estrogen loss related
81
biphosphates
medication to increase bone density and prevent osteoporosis
use w caution, associated with bad stuffs
82
SERMs
selective estrogen receptor modulators
helps with bone density
83
closed fracture
no open wound, simple
84
colles fracture
fracture of distal end of radius with backward displacement of hand
85
comminuted fracture
COM-ih-nu-ted
fracture where bone is splintered or crushed
86
compression fracture
force from both ends
think vertebrae squished
87
greenstick fracture
one side of bone broken the other bent
88
impacted fracture
one part of bone pushed into other part
89
oblique fracture
break occurs at an angle (usually slippage)
90
open fracture
open wound
91
pott fracture
distal end of fibula and tibial joint is injured
92
spiral fracture
fracture in spiral or S shape (twisting)
93
transverse fracture
break at right angles to long axis of bone (diaphysis)
94
osteopenia
lower than average bone density that is NOT ABNORMAL
may lead to osteoporosis
95
osteomalacia
softening of bone tissue (less calcium salt)
96
rickets
osteomalacia in children
97
pagets disease
OLD AGE - thick irregular bones
axial, pain, fractures, hearing loss
98
osteogenic sarcome
metaphyseal/epiphyseal plate region
KNEE
MALIGNANT/AMPUTATION
99
chrondosarcoma
midlife
cartilage, goes to lungs, amputation
100
arthritis
inflammation of joint
101
OA
osteoarthritis
degeneration of articular cartilage bc of wear and tear
bone thickening
NSAIDS, CORTICOSTEROIDS
DEGENERATIVE JOINT DISEASE
102
DJD
degenerative joint disease, also OA
103
arthrocentesis
draining of excess fluid from joint
OA/DJD
104
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
inflammatory joint
young women
synovial joint overgrowth
105
ankylosis
fusion of bones, happens with RA
106
gout
increased uric acids in blood which goes to joints
big toe pain
107
arthroscopy
endoscope used to examine joint interior
removal/repair
108
arthroplasty
joint reconstruction/replacement
109
arthrodesis
fusion of bones LOSS OF MOBILITY
LAST RESORT
110
ankylosing spondylitis
disease of spine
discs destroyed and calcify to form ankylosis (fusion)
start low in spine
111
ankylosis
fusion of bones
112
spondylotilstesis
forward sliding of top vertebra
113
-listhesis
a slipping
114
spondylolysis
degeneration of joint structures that stabilize vertebrae
115
herniated disk
nucleus pulposus protrudes through disk weakened outer ring into spinal canal
injury/lifting
PAIN
116
sciatica
pain along sciatic nerve in thigh
117
diskectomy
removal of disk (OR PART OF) and sometimes with vertebral fusion
118
kyphosis
exaggerated curve in thoracic region
hunchback
119
lordosis
exaggerate curve of lumbar
swayback
120
scoliosis
sideways curve of spine
121
traction
drawing/pulling (traction of head in treatment to cervical vertebrae)
122
skull
cranial bones (8)
facial bones (14)
123
coccyx
4 pr 5 fused vertebrae
124
sacrum
5 fused vertebrae
125
how many ribs
12
126
lamina
part of vertebrae posterior to spinous process
127
body of vert
posterior body
128
transverse process
two lateral
129
spinal canal
hole in middle of v
130
how many cervical nerve pairs?
8
131
atlanto-occipital joint
c1 and occipital condyles
132
atlanto-axial joint
c1 and c2
133
dens
body of atlas
134
spine rotation
50% atlas/axis
50%c3-c7
135
thoracic spine
12, stiff b/c of ribcage, thinner disks
136
sacral ala
lateral, articulates with ilium
137
shoulder girdle
clavicle scapula
138
ishium
inferior to ilium
139
pelvis made from
ilium ishium pubis
140
how many tarsals
7
141
how many phalanges
14
142
MTP
metatarsophalangeal joints
143
MCP
metacarpophalangeal joint
144
IP
interphalangeal joints
- pip proximal
- dip distal
145
CMC
carpometacarpal joint
146
DRUJ
distal radioulnar joint
147
femoral head
bulb of femur
148
femoral neck
connects head to rest of bone
149
greater trochanter
bigger bump lateral to head
150
lesser trochanter
smaller bump medial and lower than head
151
condyles
on distal portion, each projection
152
pediatric fractures
not always visible on xray (if on growth plate can cause growth arrest)
buckle/torus and greensticj
153
DEXA scan
bone density
154
HNP
herniated nucleus pulposus
155
what joints involved in RA
ip, mcp, mtp
