Chapter 11 Review

Question 1

A philosophy advocating the repression of emotion and indifference to pleasure or pain.

Answer 1

stoicism

Question 2

A positive mental attitude toward a proposition; something a person accepts as true

Answer 2

belief

Question 3

Contrary to the mind of God

Answer 3

false

Question 4

That which is suggested by evidence or reasoning. That which follows logically from something else

Answer 4

implications

Question 5

___ is the study of the principles of correct reasoning. It is the way God thinks

Answer 5

Logic

Question 6

In accordance with the laws of Logic: logical

Answer 6

rational

Question 7

Comforming to the mind of God

Answer 7

true

Question 8

To be ___ is to reason incorrectly. But god, by His nature always reasons correctly.

Answer 8

illogical

Question 9

Having confidence in something not perceived with the senses.

Answer 9

faith

Question 10

The disclosure of information from God to man

Answer 10

revelation (divine)

Question 11

true, justified belief

Answer 11

knowledge

Question 12

universal, invariant, abstract rules of correct reasoning

Answer 12

laws of logic

Question 13

independent of the person; something that is the same for all people

Answer 13

objective

Question 14

A truth claim, may be true or false

Answer 14

proposition

Question 15

having supreme power or authority and not required to answer to any higher authority

Answer 15

sovereign

Question 16

The disclosure of information from God to man contained in the Bible.

Answer 16

special revelation

Question 17

Unbelievers too are made in the image of God, and hence have the capacity for ___ reasoning, God has given them knowledge as well.

Answer 17

rational

Question 18

To copy or imitate; to match the characteristics of another.

Answer 18

emulate

Question 19

Pertaining to the quality, kind, or nature of a thing, regardless of the amount or degree.

Answer 19

qualitatively

Question 20

Pertaining to the amount, degree, or number of something.

Answer 20

quantitatively

Question 21

Disobedience to God

Answer 21

sin

Question 22

Conjecture, guess, or hypothesis, without sufficient supporting evidence.

Answer 22

speculation

Question 23

The Bible reveals that human beings are made in God’s image, and therefore reflect some of His attributes, including the ability to ___.

Answer 23

reason

Question 24

God always thinks correctly, and the Bible commands us to think like Him (Isaiah 55:7-8) and emulate His ___. (Ephesians 5:1)

Answer 24

character

Question 25

A series of propositions where the truth of one is said to follow from the others

Answer 25

argument

Question 26

A proposition in an argument that is taken as an accepted fact.

Answer 26

premise

Question 27

The proposition in an argument that the person is attempting to prove

Answer 27

conclusion

Question 28

Opinions formed from evidence; what people reason to be true or likely true from evidence or reason.

Answer 28

inferences

Question 29

The tendency to induce belief or behavior in a person. An argument is one in which most people will accept the conclusion as true

Answer 29

persuasive

Question 30

A good argument has true \_\_\_, and the conclusion follows from them.

Answer 30

premises

Question 31

An argument in which the conclusion is certainly true if the premises are.

Answer 31

deductive argument

Question 32

An argument in which the conclusion is likely to be true if the premises are.

Answer 32

inductive argument

Question 33

A common error in reasoning.

Answer 33

fallacy

Question 34

Independent of arbitrary standards; being without exception or qualification

Answer 34

absolute

Question 35

Existing in thought as an idea but having no physical or material existence.

Answer 35

abstract

Question 36

Abstract; existing within the mind such as a thought or idea

Answer 36

conceptual

Question 37

not changing over time

Answer 37

invariant

Question 38

“A thing is itself” or “if A then A.”

Answer 38

Law of Identity

Question 39

The compound proposition “A and not-A” is always false. Or, “You cannot have A and not-A at the same time and in the same sense.”

Answer 39

Law of Non-contradiction

Question 40

The compound proposition “A or not-A” is always true. Or, “Either A is true or not-A is true.” A proposition always has the opposite truth value of its negation.

Answer 40

Law of the Excluded Middle

Question 41

The opposite proposition is formed by adding “it is not the case that” to the original proposition. It always has the opposite truth value of a given proposition.

Answer 41

negation

Question 42

Able to exist or exert power at all locations in space at the same time.

Answer 42

omni-present

Question 43

Applicable everywhere.

Answer 43

universal

Question 44

To project or expand beyond known data or experiences based on patterns exhibited in known data or experiences; to infer unknown values or properties based on known values or properties.

Answer 44

extrapolate

Question 45

To provide reasons for proposition.

Answer 45

justify

Question 46

Pertaining to the belief or conviction that there is one and only one God.

Answer 46

monotheistic

Question 47

Pertaining to the belief that there are multiple gods.

Answer 47

polytheistic

Question 48

The negation of a proposition, or the combination of the proposition and its negation. “A and not-A” is a contradiction.

Answer 48

contradiction

Question 49

In accordance with our feelings or expectations

Answer 49

intuitive

Question 50

Practical; based on what works regardless of theoretical considerations, principles, moral implications, or truth.

Answer 50

pragmatic

Question 51

That which shows itself to be wrong. A self-refuting argument is one in which the conclusion is inconsistent with one or more of the premises.

Answer 51

self-refuting

Question 52

To go beyond

Answer 52

transcend

Question 53

Something that appears clear to the eye or mind, though it may not be.

Answer 53

apparant

Question 54

Those things that are required in advance; that which is necessary to a particular end.

Answer 54

prerequisites

Question 55

The art or skill of speaking or writing effectively and persuasively (regardless of considerations of logic or truth).

Answer 55

rhetoric

Question 56

Dependent on the thoughts or feelings of the individual.

Answer 56

subjective

Question 57

\_\_\_ is having confidence (or proof, or good reasons) for what you have not experienced with your senses. It is a confident expectation in that which is unseen (Hebrews 11:1).

Answer 57

Faith

Question 58

to not have a specific reason for a belief or action; not having a reason

Answer 58

arbitrary

Question 59

An informal argument is cogent if the conclusion is likely to be true.

Answer 59

cogent

Question 60

At variance or not compatible; two things that do not go well together

Answer 60

inconsistent