Chapter 12: Coastal Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What fish has had the most impact on human civilization?

A

Atlantic Cod

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2
Q

Groundfish

A

Fish that live or feed along the bottom of the body of water they inhabit

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3
Q

Why is temperature more stable in water than land?

A
  • water has a high heat capacity

- takes more time to heat water than air

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4
Q

Thermocline

A

The change in temperature with increasing depth(temperature decreases rapidly as you go lower)

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5
Q

Halocline

A

The increase in salinity of a water body with increasing depth

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6
Q

Deep Zone

A

The area of water below pycnocline. Unaffected by winds, storms, sunlight, and temperature.

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7
Q

What is upwelling?

A

Upwelling is the vertical flow of cold, deep water towards the surface

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8
Q

Downwelling

A

The sinking of oxygen rich water where surface current converge

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9
Q

What are El Nino conditions?

A

Change in air pressure by air rising in the western Pacific and falling in the eastern Pacific.

  • causes the equatorial trade winds to weaken
  • causes rainstorms/floods in typically dry areas, vice versa
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10
Q

What would the weather be like in Canada in LA Nina conditions?

A

Abnormally cool and wet

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11
Q

What is bathymetry?

A

The measurement of ocean depths

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12
Q

What are continental shelves?

A

Gently sloping areas that underlie shallow waters bordering continents \

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13
Q

What is a continental slope?

A

A continental slope connects a continental shelf to the ocean floor

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14
Q

What is an abyssal plain?

A

The flat bottom of the deep ocean

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15
Q

In what zone does most of the oceans primary productivity occur?

A

PHOTIC Zone.. “top zone”

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16
Q

What are habitats/ecosystems at the ocean floor called?

A

Benthic

17
Q

What is the aphotic zone?

A

The area of water below the depths where light can reach

18
Q

What are coral reefs?

A

A mass of calcium carbonate made up of the skeletons of corals, located in shallow sub/tropical waters

19
Q

What are intertidal(littoral) ecosytems?

A

Ecosystems where the ocean meets the land

20
Q

What are tides

A

The periodic rising and falling of the oceans height due to the gravitational pull of the sun and moon

21
Q

What are mangroves?

A

trees with unique roots that curve upwards(for oxygen)

22
Q

How are mangroves threatened?

A

By development and shrimp farming, we are only protecting !% of mangroves

23
Q

What are estuaries?

A

Estuaries are water bodies where rivers flow into the ocean

24
Q

What species typically inhabit estuaries?

A

Shorebirds and shellfish

25
Q

What is methane hydrate?

A

An ice like solid consisting of methane, a possible energy source(not enough research conducted)

26
Q

What causes ocean acidification?

A

The uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide

27
Q

What are algal blooms?

A

When nutrients increase populations of algae in water, algae produce powerful toxins

28
Q

What is a red tide?

A

When algal blooms produce red pigments and discolor water

-causes illnessand death to wildlife and humans

29
Q

What percentage of the fish population are overexploited/heading to extinction?

A

25%

30
Q

What are some fish species we have hunted to extinction?

A

Steller sea cow, atlantic gray whale, caribbean monk seal

31
Q

What are the three main types of industrialized fish catching techniques? Describe them

A

Driftnets-huge nets set out to capture schools of fish
Longlining- lines with numerous baited hooks
Bottom trawling- weighted nets dragged along floor of continental shelf

32
Q

As fishing increases, the ____ and ___ of fish caught decline

A

Size & Age

33
Q

About how much of the world’s fish production is due to aquaculture?

A

30%

34
Q

What label would you expect to see on sustainable seafood?

A

Dolphin-safe

35
Q

Where are marine protected areas (MPAs) established?

A

Along the coastlines of developed countries

36
Q

What are marine reserves?

A

Areas where fishing is prohibited

37
Q

What is the spillover effect?

A

When individuals of protected species spread outside of their reserves