Chapter 12 Concept

Question 1

What is the nervous system divided into

Answer 1

the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

Question 2

what does the CNS consist of

Answer 2

the brain and spinal cord

Question 3

What does the PNS consist of

Answer 3

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Question 4

What are the two types of nervous cells

Answer 4

neurons and neuroglia

Question 5

what are the three parts of neurons

Answer 5

dendrites, the cell body, the axon

Question 6

What do neuroglia do

Answer 6

various functions, they can produce myelin

Question 7

what does myelin do

Answer 7

allows the axon to conduct impulses faster

Question 8

true or false: neuroglia do not conduct electrical impulses

Answer 8

true

Question 9

What is gray matter

Answer 9

unsheathed cell bodies and dendrites

Question 10

what is white matter

Answer 10

myelinated nerve fibers

Question 11

bundles of interconnecting nerve fibers form ____

Answer 11

tracts

Question 12

____ meninges encase and protect the CND

Answer 12

three

Question 13

what four sections is the brains divided into

Answer 13

cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brainstem

Question 14

what is the largest section of the brain

Answer 14

the cerebrum

Question 15

what is the cerebrum responsible for

Answer 15

thought, judgement, memory, problem solving, language

Question 16

what is the name of the outer layer and what matter is it made of

Answer 16

the cerebral cortex, gray matter

Question 17

what are the elevated portions of the brain called

Answer 17

gyri

Question 18

what are the fissures between gyri called

Answer 18

sulci

Question 19

What are the frontal lobes responsible for

Answer 19

motor function, personality, and speech

Question 20

what are the parietal lobes responsible for

Answer 20

interpret nerve impulses and language

Question 21

what are the occupital lobes responsible for

Answer 21

vision

Question 22

what are the temporal lobes responsible for

Answer 22

hearing and smell

Question 23

which part of the brain contains the thalamus and the hypothalamus

Answer 23

the diencephalon

Question 24

what type of matter is the thalamus made of

Answer 24

gray matter

Question 25

what is the thalamus responsible for

Answer 25

relay impulses from the eyes, ears, and skin to the cerebrum and controls pain perception

Question 26

what does the hypothalamus do

Answer 26

control temperature, appetite, sleep, sexual desire, and emotion

Question 27

What systems does the hypothalamus control

Answer 27

autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular system, the digestive system, and the pituitary gland

Question 28

what is the cerebellum responsible for

Answer 28

coordinate voluntary movements and maintaining balance and equilibrium and refine muscular movements initiated in the cerebrum

Question 29

what are the three parts of the brainstem

Answer 29

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 30

What does the medulla oblongata do

Answer 30

control respiration, heart rate, temperature, and blood pressure

Question 31

what is the clear fluid in the ventricles called

Answer 31

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 32

what is the function of CSF

Answer 32

provide shock and motion protection to the brain and spinal cord

Question 33

What type of matter makes up the inner portion of the spinal cord

Answer 33

gray matter

Question 34

what is the outer portion of the spinal cord made of

Answer 34

myelinated white matter

Question 35

ascending tracts carry ______ _________ to the brain

Answer 35

sensory information

Question 36

descending tracts carry ______ ________ down from the brain to a peripheral nerve

Answer 36

motor commands

Question 37

what is the tough, fibrous outermost sac

Answer 37

dura mater

Question 38

what is the space between the dura mater and the arachnoid layer

Answer 38

subdural space

Question 39

what is the name of the layer is delicate and attached to the pia mater by filaments

Answer 39

arachnoid

Question 40

what is the space between the arachnoid layer and pia mater

Answer 40

subarachnoid space

Question 41

what is the layer applied directly to the brain and spinal cord surface

Answer 41

pia mater

Question 42

how many pairs of cranial nerves in the PNS

Answer 42

12

Question 43

how many pairs of spinal nerves in the PNS

Answer 43

31

Question 44

PNS number 1

Answer 44

olfactory; sense of smell

Question 45

PNS number 2

Answer 45

optic; sense of sight

Question 46

PNS number 3

Answer 46

oculomotor; controls eye muscles and the pupil of eye

Question 47

PNS number 4

Answer 47

trochlear; controls superior oblique muscles of the eye

Question 48

PNS number 5

Answer 48

trigeminal; facial impulses and control of chewing muscles

Question 49

PNS number 6

Answer 49

abducens; controls the eyeball muscle that turns the eye to the side

Question 50

PNS number 7

Answer 50

facial; controls facial muscles for expression, salivation, and taste on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

Question 51

PNS number 8

Answer 51

vestibulocochlear; responsible for equilibrium and hearing

Question 52

PNS number 9

Answer 52

glossopharyngeal; carries sensory impulses from the pharynx and taste on posterior third of the tongue

Question 53

PNS number 10

Answer 53

vagus; supplies abdominal and thoracic organs

Question 54

PNS number 11

Answer 54

accessory; controls neck and shoulder muscles

Question 55

PNS number 12

Answer 55

hypoglossal; controls tongue muscles

Question 56

what is another name for sensory neurons

Answer 56

afferent neurons

Question 57

what is another name for motor neurons

Answer 57

efferent neurons

Question 58

what is the PNS divided into

Answer 58

the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nerves

Question 59

what does the ANS control

Answer 59

involuntary or unconscious body functions

Question 60

what is the ANS divided into

Answer 60

sympathetic and parasympathetic branches

Question 61

what does the sympathetic branch control

Answer 61

the fight or flight reaction

Question 62

what does the parasympathetic branch control

Answer 62

the rest and digest function

Question 63

what are neuroses

Answer 63

inappropriate coping mechanisms

Question 64

what are psychoses

Answer 64

extreme distortions of reality and disorganized thinking

Question 65

what is normal psychology

Answer 65

includes how the personality develops, how people handle stress, and stages of mental development

Question 66

what is abnormal psychology

Answer 66

studies behaviors that are outside of normal and are detrimental to the individual or society