Chapter 8 Terms Flashcards
(217 cards)
1
Q
pertaining to the anus
A
anal
2
Q
pertaining to the cheeks
A
buccal
3
Q
pertaining to the cheeks and lips
A
buccolabial
4
Q
pertaining to the cecum
A
cecal
5
Q
pertaining to the gallbladder
A
cholecystic
6
Q
pertaining to the colon
A
colonic
7
Q
pertaining to the colon and rectum
A
colorectal
8
Q
pertaining to the gallbladder
A
cystic
9
Q
pertaining to teeth
A
dental
10
Q
pertaining to the duodenum
A
duodenal
11
Q
pertaining to the small intestine
A
enteric
12
Q
pertaining to the esophagus
A
esophageal
13
Q
pertaining to the stomach
A
gastric
14
Q
pertaining to the stomach and intestines
A
gastrointestinal
15
Q
pertaining to the gus
A
gingival
16
Q
pertaining to the tongue
A
glossal
17
Q
pertaining to the liver
A
hepatic
18
Q
pertaining to under the tongue
A
hypoglossal
19
Q
pertaining to the ileum
A
ileocecal
20
Q
pertaining to the jejunum
A
jejunal
21
Q
pertaining to the lips
A
labial
22
Q
pertaining to the tongue
A
lingual
23
Q
pertaining to the nose and stomach
A
nasogastric
24
Q
pertaining to the mouth
A
oral
25
pertaining to the pancreas
pancreatic
26
pertaining to around the teeth
periodontal
27
pertaining to the pharynx
pharyngeal
28
pertaining to the pylorus
pyloric
29
pertaining to the rectum
rectal
30
pertaining to the sigmoid colon
sigmoidal
31
pertaining to under the tongue
sublingual
32
pertaining to under the mandible
submandibular
33
branch of healthcare involved with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of condition involving the teeth, jaw, and mouth
dentistry
34
branch of medicine involved in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the digestive system
gastroenterology
35
branch of dentistry that uses surgical means to treat dental conditions
oral surgery
36
branch of dentistry concerned with correction of tooth alignment problem
orthodontics
37
branch of dentistry concerned with treating conditions involving the gum and tissues surrounding the teeth
periodontics
38
branch of medicine involved in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the anus and rectum
proctology
39
loss of appetite that may accompany other conditions; different from anorexia nervosa
anorexia
40
being unable to swallow or eat
aphagia
41
collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
42
having a slow digestive system
bradypepsia
43
weight loss and generalized wasting that occurs during chronic disease
cachexia
44
gallbladder pain
cholecystalgia
45
difficult or infrequent defecation
constipation
46
tooth pain
dentalgia
47
passing of frequent, watery, or bloody bowel movements
diarrhea
48
abnormal appetite; usually a diminished appetite
dysorexia
49
indigestion; having an upset stomach
dyspepsia
50
having difficulty swallowing or eating
dysphagia
51
vomiting
emesis
52
burping of gas or stomach acid into the mouth; belching
eructation
53
presence of excess gas in the stomach or intestines
flatulence
54
stomach pain
gastralgia
55
vomiting blood
hematemesis
56
passing bright red blood in the stool
hematochezia
57
excessive vomiting
hyperemesis
58
yellow vast to the skin, mucous membranes, and white of the eyes; caused by the deposit of bile pigment
jaundice
59
passage of dark tarry stool due to digested blood
melena
60
urge to vomit
nausea
61
having too much body fat leading to a body weight that is above a healthy level
obesity
62
excessive eating
polyphagia
63
after a meal
postprandial
64
pain and burning sensation usually caused by stomach acid splashing into the esophagus; heartburn
pyrosis
65
return of fluid and solids from the stomach into the mouth
regurgitation
66
painful ulcers in the mouth of unknown origin; commonly called canker sores
aphthous ulcers
67
congenital anomaly in which the upper lip and jawbone fail to fuse in the midline, leaving a gap
cleft lip
68
congenital anomaly in which the roof of the mouth has a split or fissure
cleft palate
69
decay and disintegration of teeth cause by bacteria; tooth cavity
dental caries
70
inflammation of the gums
gingivitis
71
infection of the lip by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1; also called fever blisters or cold sores
herpes labialis
72
disease of the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gus and bones; most common cause of tooth loss
periodontal disease
73
inflammation of a salivary gland
sialadenitis
74
enlarged and swollen varicose veins in the lower end of the esophagus; rupture results in serious hemorrhage
esophageal varices
75
condition in which acid from the stomach flows backward into the esophagus, causing inflammation and pain
gastroesophageal reflux disease
76
paralysis of the throat muscles
pharyngoplegia `
77
cancerous tumor in the stomach
gastric carcinoma
78
inflammation of the stomach
gastritis
79
inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
gastroenteritis
80
protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm and into the thoracic cavity; also called diaphragmatocele
hiatal hernia
81
ulcer in the lower portion of the esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum; thought to be cause by the acid in gastric juices and may be a result of helicobacter pylori infection
peptic ulcer disease
82
abnormal tube-like passage from the surface around the anal opening directly into the rectum
anal fistula
83
inflammation of the appendix
appendicitis
84
inability to control defecation
bowel incontinence
85
autoimmune condition affecting the small intestine; caused by reaction to eating gluten; symptoms include bloating, pain, diarrhea, and nutritional deficiencies
celiac disease
86
cancerous tumor originating in the colon or rectum
colorectal carcinoma
87
form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease primarily affecting the ileum and/or colon; affects all layers of the bowel wall, resulting in scarring and thickening; also called regional ileitis
Crohn's disease
88
inflammation of a diverticulum, or outpouching of the gut; often results from food being trapped inside
diverticulitis
89
condition of having diverticula; may lead to diverticulitis
diverticulosis
90
disease characterized by diarrhea, often with mucus and blood, severe abdominal pain, fever, and dehydration
dysentery
91
inflammation of the small intestine
enteritis
92
varicose veins in the rectum and anus
hemorrhoids
93
severe abdominal pain, inability to pass stool, vomiting, and abdominal distension as a result of intestinal blockage
ileus
94
protrusion of a loop of small intestine into the inguinal region through a weak spot in the abdominal wall
inguinal hernia
95
result of the intestine slipping or telescoping into another section of intestine just below it
intussusception
96
disturbance in the function of the intestine from unknown causes; symptoms include abdominal discomfort and alteration in bowel activity
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
97
presence of small tumors called polyps in the mucous membranes of the large intestine; may be precancerous
polyposis
98
prolapsed or drooping rectum and anus
proctoptosis
99
chronic inflammatory bowel disease
ulcerative colitis
100
condition in which the bowel twists upon itself, causing an obstruction
volvulus
101
inflammation of the gallbladder; most commonly caused by gallstones
cholecystitis
102
presence of gallstones; may or may not cause symptoms
cholelithiasis
103
chronic liver disease; associated with failure of the liver to function properly
cirrhosis
104
inflammation of the liver, usually due to a viral infection
hepatitis
105
liver tumor
hepatoma
106
inflammation of the pancreas
pancreatitis
107
enzyme normally present in the blood; levels are increased in persons with liver disease
alanine transaminase (ALT)
108
enzyme normally present in the blood; levels are increased in persons with liver disease
aspartate transaminase (AST)
109
laboratory test to determine whether microscopic amounts of blood are present in feces; also called hemoccult or stool guaiac test
fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
110
test to diagnose H. pylori infection associated with peptic ulcer disease
H. pylori antibody test
111
examination of feces to detect the presence of parasites or their eggs
ova and parasites (O&P)
112
test to determine the amount of bilirubin in bloodstream; elevated levels indicate liver disease
serum bilirubin
113
test of feces to look for the presence of pathogenic bacteria
stool culture
114
blood test for celiac disease; detects antibodies formed in autoimmune response to gluten
tissue transglutaminase antibody test (tTG)
115
x-ray taken with part of the film holder positioned between and parallel to the teeth
bitewing x-ray
116
x-ray image of the gallbladder
cholecystogram
117
x-ray of the gallbladder and bile ducts after intravenous injection of dye
intravenous cholecystography
118
x-ray image of the colon and rectum taken after the administration of barium by enema; also called barium enema (BE)
lower gastrointestinal series (lower GI series)
119
x-ray of the liver and bile ducts after injection of contrast medium directly into the liver
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)
120
x-ray of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum taken after oral administration of barium contrast material; also called a barium swallow
upper gastrointestinal series (UGI)
121
instrument used to view inside the colon
colonoscope
122
process of visually examining the colon by passing a colonoscope through the anus and rectum
colonoscopy
123
procedure used to visualize the hepatic duct, common bile duct, and pancreatic duct; involves use of an endoscope, x-rays, and contrast dye
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
124
use of a flexible fiberoptic scope to visualize the esophagus, stomach, and beginning of the duodenum
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
125
instrument used to view inside the stomach
gastroscope
126
procedure in which a flexible gastroscope is passed through the mouth and down the esophagus to visualize inside the stomach
gastroscopy
127
instrument used to view inside the abdominal cavity
laparoscope
128
procedure in which a lighted laparoscope is passed through the abdominal wall and used to visually examine the abdominal cavity
laparoscopy
129
instrument used to view inside the sigmoid colon
sigmoidoscope
130
procedure in which a flexible sigmoidoscope is used to visually examine the sigmoid colon
sigmoidoscopy
131
method of determining whether a person's weight is healthy; involves dividing weight in kilograms by height in square meters, then comparing the result to a predefined range of values
body mass index (BMI)
132
insertion of a needle into the abdominal cavity to withdraw fluid
paracentesis
133
dental appliance to replace missing teeth; is attached to adjacent teeth for support
bridge
134
artificial covering for a tooth created to replace the original enamel
crown
135
partial or complete set of artificial teeth
denture
136
removal or "pulling" of teeth
extraction
137
surgical removal of gum tissue that has pulled away from the teeth
gingivectomy
138
prosthetic device in jaw to anchor a tooth
implant
139
treatment involving pulp cavity of the root of a tooth; used to save infected teeth
root canal
140
injection of fluid through the rectum and into the large intestine
enema
141
use of a nasogastric tube to place liquid nourishment in the stomach
gavage
142
use of a nasogastric. tube to wash out the stomach
lavage
143
insertion of a flexible catheter through the nose and down the esophagus to the stomach
nasogastric intubation
144
providing 100% of a patient's nutrition intravenously
total parenteral nutrition
145
surgical creation of a connection between two organs or vessels
anastomosis
146
surgical removal of the appendix
appendectomy
147
group of surgical procedures to treat morbid obesity by reducing stomach size or diverting food from part of the alimentary canal
bariatric surgery
148
surgical removal of the gallbladder
cholecystectomy
149
crushing of a gallstone in the common bile duct
choledocholithotripsy
150
surgical removal of the colon
colectomy
151
surgical creation of an opening of some portion of the color through the abdominal wall to the outside surface of the body
colostomy
152
surgical removal of diverticulum
diverticulectomy
153
abdominal operation for the purpose of examining the abdominal organs and tissues for signs of disease or abnormalities
exploratory laparotomy
154
surgical removal of an anal fistula
fistulectomy
155
laparoscopic bariatric surgical procedure that places a restrictive band around the top portion of the stomach
gastric banding
156
bariatric surgical procedure that divides the stomach into two portions, then connects the upper portion directly to the small intestine
gastric bypass
157
surgical removal of the stomach
gastrectomy
158
procedure that closes off a large section of the stomach with staples
gastric stapling
159
surgical procedure to create an opening in the stomach
gastrostomy
160
surgical removal of hemorrhoids from the anorectal area
hemorrhoidectomy
161
surgical repair of a hernia; also called herniorrhaphy
hernioplasty
162
surgical creation of an opening in the ileum
ileostomy
163
surgical removal of the gallbladder through a small abdominal incision using a laparoscope
laparoscopic cholecystectomy
164
surgical incision into the abdomen
laparotomy
165
implantation of a donor liver
liver transplant
166
surgical repair of the palate
palatoplasty
167
surgical repair of the throat
pharyngoplasty
168
surgical fixation of the rectum and anus
proctopexy
169
suppresses appetite to treat obesity
anorexiant
170
neutralizes stomach acid
antacid
171
used to control diarrhea
antidiarrheal
172
treat nausea, vomiting, and motion sickness
antiemetic
173
used to treat herpes simplex infection
herpes antivirals
174
blocks H2-receptors in the stomach, reducing acid production
H2-receptor antagonist
175
treats constipation by stimulating a bowel movement
laxative
176
blocks the stomach's ability to secrete acid
proton pump inhibitor
177
before meals
ac
178
alanine transaminase
ALT
179
aspartate transaminase
AST
180
barium
Ba
181
barium enema
BaE, BE
182
bowel movement
BM
183
body mass index
BMI
184
bowel sounds
BS
185
common bile duct
CBD
186
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
EGD
187
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
ERCP
188
fecal occult blood test
FOBT
189
gallbladder
GB
190
gastroesophageal reflux disease
GERD
191
gastrointestinal
GI
192
helicobacter pylori
H. pylori
193
hepatitis A virus
HAV
194
hepatitis B virus
HBV
195
hydrochloric avid
HCl
196
hepatitis C virus
HCV
197
hepatitis D virus
HDV
198
hepatitis E virus
HEV
199
herpes simplex virus type 1
HSV-1
200
inflammatory bowel disease
IBD
201
irritable bowel syndrome
IBS
202
intravenous cholangiography
IVC
203
nausea and vomiting
N&V
204
nasogastric (tube)
NG
205
nothing by mouth
NPO
206
ova and parasites
O&P
207
after meals
pc
208
by mouth
PO
209
postprandial
pp
210
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
PTC
211
peptic ulcer disease
PUD
212
every
q
213
every morning
qam
214
every hour
qh
215
total parenteral nurtition
TPN
216
tissue transglutaminase
tTG
217
upper gastrointestinal series
UGI
