Chapter 9 Terms Flashcards
(157 cards)
1
Q
pertaining to the bladder
A
cystic
2
Q
pertaining to a glomerulus
A
glomerular
3
Q
pertaining to the meatus
A
meatal
4
Q
pertaining to the renal pelvis
A
pyelitic
5
Q
pertaining to the kidney
A
renal
6
Q
pertaining to a ureter
A
ureteral
7
Q
pertaining to the urethra
A
urethral
8
Q
pertaining to urine
A
urinary
9
Q
Branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the kidney
A
nephrology
10
Q
branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of disease and disorders of the urinary system
A
urology
11
Q
complete lack of urine production and lack of urine excretion
A
anuria
12
Q
nitrogenous wastes in the bloodstream
A
azotemia
13
Q
presence of bacteria in the urine
A
bacteriuria
14
Q
calculustone formed within an organ from mineral salts
A
calculus
15
Q
urinary bladder pain
A
cystalgia
16
Q
bladder stone
A
cystolith
17
Q
abnormal bleeding from the urinary bladder
A
cystorrhagia
18
Q
increased formation and secretion of urine
A
diuresis
19
Q
difficult or painful urination
A
dysuria
20
Q
involuntary discharge of urine; also called bed-wetting at night
A
enuresis
21
Q
greater-than-normal urge to urinate; no increase in total volume of urine
A
frequency
22
Q
presence of sugar in the urine
A
glycosuria
23
Q
presence of blood in the urine
A
hematuria
24
Q
decrease in force of urine stream, often with difficulty initiating the flow
A
hesitancy
25
presence of ketones in the urine; occurs when body burns fat instead of glucose for energy
ketonuria
26
kidney stone
nephrolith
27
kidney is abnormally soft
nephromalacia
28
kidney is enlarged
nephromegaly
29
kidney tissue has become hardened
nephrosclerosis
30
having to urinate frequently during the night
nocturia
31
producing too little urine
oliguria
32
producing an unusually large volume of urine
polyuria
33
presence of protein in the urine
proteinuria
34
presence of pus in the urine
pyuria
35
pain caused by a kidney stone
renal colic
36
narrowing of a passageway in the urinary system
stricture
37
accumulation of waste products in the bloodstream
uremia
38
ureter is stretched out or dilated
ureterectasis
39
stone in the ureter
ureterolith
40
ureter has become narrow
ureterostenosis
41
urethral pain
urethralgia
42
abnormal bleeding from the urethra
urethrorrhagia
43
urethra has become narrow
urethrostenosis
44
feeling the need to urinate immediately
urgency
45
involuntary release of urine
urinary incontinence
46
inability to fully empty the bladder
urinary retention
47
damage to renal tubules due to toxins in the urine; results in oliguria
acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
48
damage to glomerular capillaries due to high blood sugar of diabetes mellitus
diabetic nephropathy
49
inflammation of the kidney; more permeable to protein and blood cells
glomerulonephritis
50
distention of renal pelvis due to accumulation of urine in the kidney
hydronephrosis
51
kidney inflammation
nephritis
52
presence of calculi in the kidney; solidification of salts in the urine
nephrolithiasis
53
kidney tumor
nephroma
54
general term for presence of kidney disease
nephropathy
55
downward displacement of the kidney; floating kidney
nephroptosis
56
damage to the glomerulus; protein appears in the urine
nephrotic syndrome (NS)
57
formation of multiple cysts within the kidney; destroys normal kidney tissue
polycystic kidneys
58
renal pelvis inflammation
pyelitis
59
inflammation of renal pelvis and kidney; common type of kidney disease
pyelonephritis
60
cancerous tumor of renal tubule cells
renal cell carcinoma
61
inability of kidneys to filter wastes; results in uremia
renal failure
62
malignant kidney tumor; most often found in children
Wilms' tumor
63
cancerous tumor arising from cells lining bladder; primary symptom is hematuria
bladder cancer
64
blockage of bladder outlet; often caused by enlarged prostate gland
bladder neck obstruction (BNO)
65
urinary bladder inflammation
cystitis
66
protrusion of the urinary bladder into wall of vagina
cystocele
67
inflammation and irritation of bladder
interstitial cystitis
68
loss of nervous control; leads to retention
neurogenic bladder
69
infection of any organ of urinary system, usually by bacteria; begins with cystitis and may ascend into ureters and kidneys
urinary tract infection (UTI)
70
urine test that measures the amount of albumin and creatinine present; an increased ratio indicates disease
albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR)
71
blood test to evaluate kidney function by measuring level of nitrogenous waste (urea) in the bloodstream
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
72
urine sample obtained after cleaning off the urinary meatus and collecting sample in midstream
clean catch specimen (CC)
73
test of kidney function; amount of creatinine in bloodstream is compared to amount in the urine
creatinine clearance
74
test to measure kidney function; measures level of creatinine in urine
estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
75
physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine
urinalysis (U/A, UA)
76
test for bacterial infection; attempt to grow bacteria on a culture medium in order to identify it; then determine to which antibiotics it is sensitive
urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)
77
instrument to measure specific gravity of urine
urinometer
78
x-ray record of the bladder
cystogram
79
contrast dye is placed in bladder and then x-ray is taken; outlines bladder
cystography
80
dye is injected into bloodstream; x-ray traces the dye as it moves through organs of the urinary system
excretory urography (EU)
81
injecting a dye into a vein and then taking an x-ray to outline the renal pelvis
intravenous pyelography (IVP)
82
abdominal x-ray showing the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
Kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)
83
x-ray record of the kidney
nephrogram
84
x-ray record of the renal pelvis
pyelogram
85
dye is inserted through the urethra to outline the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis
retrograde pyelography (RP)
86
dye is placed in the bladder; x-ray taken to visualize the urethra while patient is voiding
voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
87
instrument used to visually examine the urinary bladder
cystoscope
88
visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope
cystoscopy (cysto)
89
instrument used to visually examine the urethra
urethroscope
90
flexible tube inserted into the body; commonly through the urethra into the bladder
catheter
91
insertion of a tube through the urethra and into the urinary bladder
catheterization (cath)
92
use of ultrasound waves to break up renal calculi
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)
93
use of artificial kidney machine to filter the blood
hemodialysis (HD)
94
removes wastes using chemically balanced solutions placed into peritoneal cavity
peritoneal dialysis
95
surgical removal of the bladder
cystectomy
96
surgical fixation of the bladder
cystopexy
97
surgical repair of the bladder
cystoplasty
98
surgical creation of a new opening into the bladder
cystostomy
99
cutting into the bladder
cystotomy
100
cutting into an organ to remove a stone
lithotomy
101
physical destruction of a stone
lithotripsy
102
incision into the meatus to enlarge it
meatotomy
103
surgical removal of a kidney
nephrectomy
104
incision to remove stones from the kidney
nephrolithotomy
105
surgical fixation of a kidney
nephropexy
106
surgical creation of a new opening into a kidney
nephrostomy
107
cutting into a kidney
nephrotomy
108
surgical repair of the renal pelvis
pyeloplasty
109
surgical placement of a donor kidney
renal transplant
110
a substance that neutralizes poisons or their side effects
antidote
111
usually unfavorable response by the body to a physician's actions, a medication, or a medical treatment
iatrogenic
112
an unusual or abnormal response to a drug or food
idiosyncrasy
113
response to a drug other than the desired effect; an adverse reaction
side effect
114
the extent or degree to which something is poisonous
toxicity
115
treats bacterial infection
antibiotic
116
prevents or reduces bladder muscle spasms
antispasmodic
117
increases volume of urine
diuretic
118
ACR
albumin/creatinine ratio
119
AGN
acute glomerulonephritis
120
AKI
acute kidney injury
121
ARF
acute renal failure
122
ATN
acute tubular necrosis
123
BNO
bladder neck obstruction
124
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
125
CAPD
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
126
cath
catheterization
127
CC
clean catch urine specimen
128
Cl-
chloride
129
CRF
chronic renal failure
130
C&S
culture and sensitivity
131
cysto
cystoscopy
132
eGFR
estimated glomerular filtration rate
133
ESRD
end-stage renal disease
134
ESWL
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
135
EU
excretory urography
136
GU
genitourinary
137
HCO3-
bicarbonate
138
HD
hemodialysis
139
H2O
water
140
I&O
input and output
141
IPD
intermittent peritoneal dialysis
142
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
143
K+
potassium
144
KUB
kidneys, ureters, bladder
145
mcg
microgram
146
mEq
milliequivalent
147
mg
milligram
148
mL
milliliter
149
Na+
sodium
150
NS
nephrotic syndrome
151
pH
acidity or alkalinity of urine
152
RP
retrograde pyelogram
153
SG, sp. gr.
specific gravity
154
U/A, UA
urinalysis
155
UC
urine culture
156
UTI
urinary tract infection
157
VCUG
voiding cystourethrography
