Chapter 12 Terms Flashcards
(212 cards)
1
Q
pertaining to the head
A
cephalic
2
Q
pertaining to the cerebellum
A
cerebellar
3
Q
pertaining to the cerebrum
A
cerebral
4
Q
pertaining to the cerebrum and spine
A
cerebrospinal
5
Q
pertaining to the skull
A
cranial
6
Q
pertaining to the brain
A
encephalic
7
Q
pertaining to within the skull
A
intracranial
8
Q
pertaining to inside the meninges
A
intrathecal
9
Q
pertaining to the medulla oblongata
A
medullary
10
Q
pertaining to the meninges
A
meningeal
11
Q
pertaining to the spinal cord
A
myelonic
12
Q
pertaining to nerves
A
neural
13
Q
pertaining to glial cells
A
neuroglial
14
Q
pertaining to the pons
A
pontine
15
Q
pertaining to the spine
A
spinal
16
Q
pertaining to under the dura mater
A
subdural
17
Q
pertaining to the thalamus
A
thalamic
18
Q
pertaining to the ventricles
A
ventricular
19
Q
pertaining to the vertebrae
A
vertebral
20
Q
branch of medicine specializing in all aspects of anesthesia, including for surgical procedures, resuscitation measures, and the management of acute and chronic pain
A
anesthesiology
21
Q
branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of diseases and condition of the nervous system
A
neurology
22
Q
branch of medicine concerned with treating conditions and diseases of the nervous systems by surgical means
A
neurosurgery
23
Q
epileptic seizure characterized by loss of awareness and absence of activity; formerly called a petit mal seizure
A
absence seizure
24
Q
absence of pain
A
analgesia
25
lack of feeling or sensation
anesthesia
26
inability to communicate verbally or in writing due to damage to the language centers of the brain
aphasia
27
lack of muscle coordination
ataxia
28
sensations occurring prior to epileptic seizure or migraine; seeing colors or smelling odors
aura
29
a headache
cephalalgia
30
state of profound unconsciousness
coma
31
condition of being awake and aware of surroundings
conscious
32
severe involuntary muscle contractions and relaxations
convulsion
33
abnormal mental state of confusion, disorientation, and agitation
delirium
34
progressive impairment of intellectual function that interferes with activities of daily living
dementia
35
difficulty communicating verbally or in writing
dysphasia
36
seizure in only one limb or body part
focal seizure
37
weakness on one side of body
hemiparesis
38
paralysis on one side of body
hemiplegia
39
abnormally heightened sense of feeling, sense of pain, or sensitivity to touch
hyperesthesia
40
muscle weakness in one limb
monoparesis
41
paralysis of one limb
monoplegia
42
nerve pain
neuralgia
43
temporary or permanent loss of ability to control movements
palsy
44
temporary or permanent loss of voluntary movement
paralysis
45
paralysis of the lower portion of the body
paraplegia
46
abnormal sensations such as burning or tingling
paresthesia
47
paralysis of all four limbs
quadriplegia
48
sudden, uncontrollable onset of symptoms, such as in epileptic seizure
seizure
49
state of being aware of surroundings and responding to stimuli only part of the time
semiconscious
50
fainting
syncope
51
epileptic seizure with strong muscle spasms and loss of consciousness; formerly called a grand mal seizure
tonic-clonic seizure
52
involuntary repetitive alternating movements of a body part
tremor
53
state of being unaware of surroundings and unable to respond to stimuli
unconscious
54
disorder characterized by dementia, progressive disorientation, apathy, and loss of memory
Alzheimer's disease (AD)
55
congenital defect in which parts of the brain do not develop; fatal soon after birth
anencephaly
56
tumor originating in star-shaped neuroglial cells called astrocytes
astrocytoma
57
benign or malignant intracranial mass; dangerous because it causes pressure
brain tumor
58
inflammation of cerebellum
cerebellitis
59
localized, abnormal dilation of a blood vessel; ruptured aneurysm is a common cause of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident
cerebral aneurysm
60
bruising of brain from a blow or impact
cerebral contusion
61
brain damage resulting from defect, trauma, infection, or oxygen deprivation before, during, or shortly after birth
cerebral palsy (CP)
62
infarct due to loss of blood supply to the brain; commonly called a stroke
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
63
characterized by blows to the head that result in progressive degeneration of brain tissue
chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)
64
mild traumatic brain injury from a blow or impact
concussion
65
inflammation of the brain
encephalitis
66
seizures and loss of consciousness caused by uncontrolled electrical activity of brain
epilepsy
67
Accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within brain ventricles; treated with the creation of an artificial shunt
Hydrocephalus
68
Specific type of headache with severe pain light sensitivity dizziness and nausea
 migraine
69
Chronic disorder of the brain with fine tremors, muscle weakness, rigidity, and a shuffling gait
Parkinson’s disease
70
Combination of acute encepalopathy and organ damage; follows viral infection; also associated with aspirin
Reye’s syndrome 
71
Caused by violent shaking symptoms include subdural hematoma brain swelling and retinal bleeding
Shaken baby syndrome (SBS)
72
Temporary interference with blood supply to brain may lead to a CVA
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
73
Damage to the brain resulting from impact blast waves or a penetrating projectile
Traumatic brain injury
74
Condition of degeneration of motor neurons of the spinal cord also called Lou Gehrig’s disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
75
Extrusion of the meninges through an opening in the vertebral column
Meningocele
76
Inflammation of the spinal cord
Myelitis
77
Protrusion of the meninges of the spinal cord for an opening in the vertebral column
Myelomeningocele
78
Viral infection of the gray matter of the spinal cord paralysis may be mild and temporary or severe and permanent
Poliomyelitis
79
Congenital defect where laminae of the vertebra do not meet or close to form the spinal canal
Spina bifida
80
Damaged and spinal cord due to trauma; cord may be bruised or severed
Spinal cord injury (SCI)
81
One sided facial paralysis due to facial nerve inflammation inflammation is typically viral and nature most patients recover
Bell’s palsy
82
loss of myelin sheath from nerves; may be autoimmune; begins in the legs and progresses up toward the trunk
Guillain-Barre syndrome
83
inflammatory disease of the CNS; causes weakness and numbness due to loss of myelin sheath from nerves; plaques appear
multiple sclerosis (MS)
84
muscular weakness and fatigue due to insufficient neurotransmitter at a synapse
myasthenia gravis
85
tumor of a nerve or the sheath around a nerve
neuroma
86
general term for disease of or damage to a nerve
neuropathy
87
inflammation of two or more nerves
polyneuritis
88
inflammation of a nerve root
radiculitis
89
condition caused by herniated disc putting pressure on a nerve root
radiculopathy
90
eruption of painful blisters on body along a nerve path; caused by Herpes zoster virus
shingles
91
sudden, sharp pain in an area of the face served by the trigeminal cranial nerve; usually caused by pressure on and irritation of the nerve
trigeminal neuralgia
92
mass of blood in the space outside the dura mater of the brain and spinal cord
epidural hematoma
93
tumor in the meninges
meningioma
94
inflammation of the meninges due to viral or bacterial infection
meningitis
95
mass of blood forming beneath the dura mater due to a tear in the meninges; can exert fatal pressure on the brain
subdural hematoma
96
examination of the CSF; may detect infections and blood in the fluid
cerebrospinal fluid analysis
97
image of the brain taken after injection of radioactive isotopes into the bloodstream
brain scan
98
x-ray of the blood vessels of the brain after injection of radiopaque dye
cerebral angiography
99
recording of ultrasonic echoes in the brain
echoencephalography
100
x-ray record of the spinal cord
myelogram
101
x-ray of the spinal canal following injection of radiopaque dye
myelography
102
image of the brain cut along a plane produced by measuring gamma rays emitted after injection with radioactive glucose; glucose uptake by the tissue is indicative of metabolic activity
positron emission tomography (PET)
103
reflex test that reveals nervous system lesions; performed by stroking the sole of the foot
babinski's reflex
104
a record of the brains electrical patterns
electroencephalogram (EEG)
105
a recording of the electrical activity of the brain by placing electrodes on the scalp; also used during sleep studies
electroencephalography (EEG)
106
puncture with a needle in the lumbar area to remove CSF for examination or to inject anesthesia
lumbar puncture
107
measures the speed at which an impulse travels along a nerve; receals nerve damage
nerve conduction velocity
108
administration of medication to produce a loss of feeling or sensation
anesthesia
109
produces loss of consciousness and absence of pain sensation
general anesthesia (GA)
110
route for administering general anesthesia via injection into a vein
intravenous anesthesia (IV)
111
route for administering general anesthesia by breathing it in
inhalation anesthesia
112
produces loss of sensation in a localized part of the body; does not cause a loss of consciousness
local anesthesia
113
interrupts pain sensation in a region of the body; anesthetic in injected near the nerve that will be blocked
regional anesthesia
114
method of applying local anesthesia under the skin; used to deaden sensation in the skin prior to suturing
subcutaneous anesthesia
115
method of applying local anesthesia by placing a liquid or gel directly on the skin
topical anesthesia
116
removes blockage of major artery in the neck that carries blood to the brain
carotid endarterectomy
117
shunt carries CSF from the ventricles to abdominal cavity; treats hydrocephalus
cerebrospinal fluid shunt
118
removes part of a vertebra; relieves pressure on a spinal nerve
laminectomy
119
surgical removal of a nerve
neurectomy
120
surgical repair of a nerve
neuroplasty
121
suturing of the connective tissue of around a nerve
neurorrhaphy
122
precise, surgical cutting of a nerve tract; treats severe chronic pain
tractotomy
123
treats minor to moderate pain without loss of consciousness
analgesic
124
produces loss of sensation or loss of consciousness
anesthetic
125
reduces nerve excitability to prevent seizures
anticonvulsant
126
treat parkinson's disease
dopaminergic drugs
127
promotes sleep
hypnotic
128
treats severe pain; protentially habit forming
narcotic analgesic
129
has a calming or relaxing effect
sedative
130
AD
alzheimer's disease
131
AHT
abusive head trauma
132
ALS
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
133
ANS
autonomic nervous system
134
CNS
central nervous system
135
CP
cerebral palsy
136
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
137
CTE
chronic traumatic encephalopathy
138
CVA
cerebrovascular accident
139
CVD
cerebrovascular disease
140
EEG
electroencephalogram, electroencephalography
141
GA
general anesthesia
142
HA
headache
143
ICP
intracranial pressure
144
IV
intravenous
145
LP
lumbar puncture
146
MS
multiple sclerosis
147
PET
positron emission tomography
148
PNS
peripheral nervous system
149
SBS
shaken baby syndrome
150
SCI
spinal cord injury
151
TBI
traumatic brain injury
152
TIA
transient ischemic attack
153
VS
vital signs
154
dread in the absence of a clearly identifiable stress trigger
generalized anxiety disorder
155
intense apprehension of terror or a sense of impending danger
panic disorder
156
irrational fears
phobias
157
alternation between period of deep depression and mania; patients experience extreme emotions that may change rapidly
bipolar disorder (BPD)
158
feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and worthlessness; lack of pleasure in activities; potential for suicide
major depressive disorder
159
extreme elation and hyperactivity; talkativeness, impaired judgement, and distractibility; grandiose delusions
mania
160
violent rages
explosive disorder
161
impulse to steal things
kleptomania
162
uncontrollable impulse to set fire
pyromania
163
loss of memory
dissociative amnesia
164
having two or more distinct personalities
dissociative identity disorder
165
voiding feces in inappropriate places after toilet training
encopresis
166
voiding urine in inappropriate places after toilet training
enuresis
167
distorted body image, pathological fear of becoming fat, and severe weight loss due to excessive dieting
anorexia nervosa
168
binge eating followed by intentional vomiting
bulimia
169
identifying as a gender contrary to the birth gender; may be male to female (MTF) or female to male (FTM)
gender dysphoria
170
inattention and impulsive behavior
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
171
deficits in social interaction and communication skills; restricted patterns of behavior
autism spectrum disorder
172
below-average intellectual functioning
intellectual development disorder
173
performing repetitive rituals to reduce anxiety from persistent thoughts, ideas, or impulses
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
174
sexual interest in children
pedophilic disorder
175
sexual gratification derived from being hurt or abused
sexual masochism disorder
176
sexual gratification derived from observing other engaged in sexual acts
voyeuristic disorder
177
behaviors that are against legal or social norms
antisocial personality disorder
178
an abnormal sense of self-importance
narcissistic personality disorder
179
exaggerated feelings of persecution
paranoid personality disorder
180
false beliefs held in the face of contrary evidence
delusional disorder
181
perceptions of things that are not there
hallucinations
182
difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection
erectile dysfunction
183
ejaculation of semen before or shortly after penetration
premature ejaculation
184
condition of the inability to sleep
insomnia disorder
185
recurring episodes of sleeping during daytime; difficulty sleeping at night
narcolepsy
186
anxiety transformed into physical symptoms like heart palpitations, paralysis, or blindness
conversion disorder
187
physical symptoms that cause distress and disrupt daily life; patient is preoccupied with the symptoms and shows behavior based on the symptoms
somatic symptom disorder (SSD)
188
inability to stop gambling
gambling disorder
189
overindulgence in or dependence on chemical substances including alcohol, illegal drugs, and prescription drugs
substance use disorder
190
impaired social interactions and capacity to work as a result of exposure to actual or implied death, serious injury, or sexual violence
post-traumatic stress disorder
191
placement of electrodes on the sides of the head to conduct a mild electric shock; causes a convulsive seizure; patient in anesthetized and administered muscle relaxants
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
192
stimulants that alter mood by affecting levels of neurotransmitters; non addictive but may have unpleasant side effects
antidepressant drugs
193
tranquilizers that reduce agitation and panic; major side effect is involuntary muscle movements
antipsychotic drugs
194
special category of drug to calm patients with bipolar disorder
lithium
195
CNS depressants used for anxiety
minor tranquilizers
196
patients are encouraged to state and discuss goals and then find ways to achieve them
family or group therapy
197
patients are taught how to use internal resources to deal with problems in an atmosphere that builds self-esteem
humanistic therapy
198
patients are encouraged to discuss repressed, painful, or hidden experiences in the hope of eliminating or minimizing the problems they cause
psycho-analysis
199
ADD
attention-deficit disorder
200
ADHD
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
201
BPD
bipolar depression
202
CA
chronological age
203
DSM
diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
204
ECT
electroconvulsive therapy
205
FTM
female to male
206
MA
mental age
207
MMPI
minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
208
MTF
male to female
209
OCD
obsessive-compulsive disorder
210
PTSD
post-traumatic stress disorder
211
SAD
seasonal affective diorder
212
SSD
somatic symptom disorder
