Chapter 5 Terms Flashcards
(166 cards)
1
Q
aortic
A
pertaining to the aorta
2
Q
arterial
A
pertaining to an artery
3
Q
arteriolar
A
pertaining to an arteriole
4
Q
atrial
A
pertaining to an atrium
5
Q
atrioventricular
A
pertaining to the atrium and ventricle
6
Q
cardiac
A
pertaining to the heart
7
Q
coronary
A
pertaining to the heart
8
Q
interatrial
A
pertaining to between the aorta
9
Q
interventricular
A
pertaining to between the ventricles
10
Q
myocardial
A
pertaining to the heart muscle
11
Q
valvular
A
pertaining to a valve
12
Q
vascular
A
pertaining to a blood vessel
13
Q
venous
A
pertaining to a vein
14
Q
ventricular
A
pertaining to a ventricle
15
Q
venular
A
pertaining to a venule
16
Q
branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of condition and disease of the cardiovascular system
A
cardiology
17
Q
healthcare profession trained to perform a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including electrocardiography, echocardiography, and exercise stress tests
A
cardiovascular technician
18
Q
inflammation of a vessel
A
angiitis
19
Q
involuntary contraction of smooth muscle in wall of a vessel; narrows the vessel
A
angiospasm
20
Q
narrowing of a vessel
A
angiostenosis
21
Q
obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that has broken off from a thrombus in another site
A
embolus
22
Q
area of necrotic tissue due to loss of blood supply
A
infarct
23
Q
local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to a circulatory obstruction
A
ischemia
24
Q
a sound in addition to normal heart sounds; may or may not indicate an abnormality
A
murmur
25
sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up suddenly
orthostatic hypotension
26
pounding, racing heartbeats
palpitations
27
yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in an artery; hallmark of atherosclerosis
plaque
28
to floow backwards; in CV system refers to backflow of blood through a valve
regurgitation
29
blood clot within a blood vessel; may partially or completely occlude blood vessel
thrombus
30
severe pain and sensation of constriction around heart; caused by myocardial ischemia
angima pectoris
31
complete stopping of heart activity
cardiac arrest
32
an abnormally enlarged heart
cardiommegaly
33
myocardial disease; may be caused by viral infection, congestive heart failure, or alcohol abuse; common reason for heart transplant
cardiomyopathy
34
hole, present at birth, in heart septum; allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
congenital septal defect
35
left ventricle muscle is too weak to efficiently pump blood; results in weakness, breathlessness, edema
congestive heart failure
36
poor blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of coronary arteries; may cause angina pectoris and heart attack
coronary artery disease
37
inflammation of membranes lining the heart; if cause is bacterial, a bacterial colony called vegetation may form
endocarditis
38
cusps are too loose and fail to shut tightly; allows regurgitation
heart valve prolapse
39
cusps are too stiff; unable to shut tightly; allows regurgitation
heart valve stenosis
40
occlusion of coronary artery; results in a myocardial infarct; a heart attack
myocardial infarction
41
inflammation of heart muscle layer
myocarditis
42
inflammation of pericardial sac
pericarditis
43
combination of four congenital anomalies; pulmonary stenosis, interventricular septal defect, improper placement of aorta, hypertrophy of right ventricle; requires immediate surgery
tetralogy of fallot
44
inflammation of a heart valve
valvulitis
45
irregularity in heartbeat or action
arrhythmia
46
electrical impulse is blocked from traveling down the bundle of HIS or bundle branches
bundle branch block
47
condition of having a slow heart rate
bradycardia
48
serious arrhythmia characterized by abnormal quivering or contraction of heart fibers; may result in cardiac arrest
fibrillation
49
atria beat too rapidly but maintain a regular pattern
flutter
50
atria contract earlier than they should
premature atrial contraction
51
ventricle contract earlier that they should
premature ventricular contractoin
52
condition of having a fast heart rate
tachycardia
53
weakness and ballooning of arterial wall; commonly seen in abdominal and cerebral arteries
aneurysm
54
a ruptured artery
anteriorrhexis
55
hardening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls; often due to atherosclerosis
arteriosclerosis
56
deposit of fatty substance in wall of artery, bulges into and narrows artery; also called a plaque
atheroma
57
most common form of arteriosclerosis; lipid plaques form in arterial wall
atherosclerosis
58
severe congenital narrowing of aorta
coarctation of the aorta
59
varicose veins in anal region
hemorrhoid
60
high blood pressure; essential or primary hypertension is due to CV disease; secondary hypertension results from another disease
hypertension
61
decrease in blood pressure; may be due to shock or anemia
hypotension
62
congenital heart anomaly where fetal connection between pulmonary artery and aorta fails to close at birth
patent ductus arteriosus
63
abnormal condition affecting any blood vessel outside the heart; symptoms may include pain, pallor, and blocked circulation
peripheral vascular disease
64
inflammation of a vein
phlebitis
65
inflammation of several arteries
polyarteritis
66
periodic ischemic attacks affecting extremities; especially fingers, toes, ears, and nose; extremities become cyanotic; triggered by cold exposure
Raynaud's phenomenon
67
inflammation of vein resulting in blood clots within a vein
thrombophlebitis
68
swollen and distended veins; often in the legs
varicose veins
69
listening to sounds within body using a stethoscope
auscultation
70
blood pressure cuff; measures blood pressure
sphygmomanometer
71
instrument for listening to body sounds
stethoscope
72
blood test determines level of proteins specific to heart muscles in the blood; an increase may indicate heart muscle damage such as myocardial infarction
cardiac biomarkers
73
blood test measures amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood; indicator of atherosclerosis risk
serum lipoprotein level
74
xray record of a vessel
angiogram
75
xrays taken after injection of opaque dye into blood vessel
angiography
76
nuclear medicine scan using radioactive thallium; especially useful in determining myocardial damage
cardiac scan
77
using ultrasound to produce an image of blood flowing through blood vessels in order to determine velocity; indicates blood clots or deep vein thromboses
doppler ultrasonography
78
use of ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures; especially valves
echocardiography
79
catheter is threaded through blood vessel to heart; detects abnormalities, collects cardiac blood samples, and determines blood pressure inside heart
cardiac catheterization
80
flexible tube inserted in body to move fluids into or out of body; may be used to place dye into a vein to view blood vessels
catheter
81
hardcopy record produced by electrocardiography
electrocardiogram
82
process of recording electrical activity of heart; able to diagnose arrhythmias and myocardial damage
electrocardiography
83
portable ecg monitor worn by patient up to a few days to assess heart activity as person goes through daily activities
holter monitor
84
evaluates cardiovascular fitness; patient exercises on treadmill or bicycle with a steadily increasing workload; EKG and oxygen levels are monitored throughout the test
stress testing
85
procedure to restore cardiac output and oxygenated air for a person in cardiac arrest; uses chest compressions and artificial respiration
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
86
procedure that converts irregular heartbeats, such as fibrillation, using an electric shock
defibrillation
87
routing blood to a heart-lung machine during a surgical procedure
extracorporeal circulation
88
device implanted into the heart to deliver an electric shock to restore normal heart rhythm; especially helpful for ventricular fibrillation
implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
89
device implanted into the heart to substitute for the natural pacemaker
pacemaker implantation
90
injection of salt solution to treat varicose veins
sclerotherapy
91
use of drugs, such as streptokinase or tissue-type plasminogen activator, to dissolve clots and restore blood flow
thrombolytic therapy
92
surgical removal of an aneurysm
aneurysmectomy
93
surgical joining of two arteries when and artery is severed or a damaged section is removed
arterial anastomosis
94
surgical removal of an atheroma
atherectomy
95
blood vessel from another location is grafted to route blood around a blocked coronary artery
coronary artery bypass graft
96
surgical removal of an embolus
embolectomy
97
removal of the diseased inner lining of an artery; usually to remove atherosclerotic plaques
endarterectomy
98
replacement of a diseased heart with a donor heart
heart transplant
99
stent placed within a coronary artery; treat coronary ischemia due to atherosclerosis
intracoronary artery stent
100
removal of varicose veins; damaged vein is tied off and then removed
ligation and stripping
101
balloon catheter is inserted through skin into coronary artery; inflated to dilate the narrow blood vessel
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
102
stainless steel tube placed within blood vessel to widen the lumen
stent
103
removal of diseased valve and replacement with an artificial valve
valve replacement
104
surgical repair of a heart valve
valvoplasty
105
produce vasodilation to decrease blood pressure
ACE inhibitor drugs
106
reduces or prevents cardiac arrhythmias
antiarrhythmic
107
prevents blood clot formation
anticoagulant
108
reduces blood cholesterol level
antilipidemic
109
inhibit ability of platelets to clump together in a blood clot
antiplatelet agents
110
lowers heart rate to treat hypertension and angina pectoris
beta-blocker drugs
111
decreases force of heart beat to treat hypertension, angina pectoris, and congestive heart failure
calcium channel blocker drugs
112
increases force of heart contraction to treat congestive heart failure
cardiotonic
113
increases urine production to reduce plasma volume to lower blood pressure
diuretic
114
dissolves existing blood clot
thrombolytic
115
relaxes smooth muscle in wall of blood vessel to reduce blood pressure and increase blood flow to ischemic area
vasodilator
116
contracts smooth muscle in wall of blood vessel to raise blood pressure
vasopressor
117
AED
automated external defibrillator
118
AF
atrial fibrillation
119
AMI
acute myocardial infarction
120
AS
arteriosclerosis
121
ASD
atrial septal defect
122
ASHD
arteriosclerotic heart disease
123
AV, A-V
atrioventricular
124
BBB
bundle branch block
125
BP
blood pressure
126
bpm
beats per minute
127
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
128
CAD
coronary artery disease
129
cath
catheterization
130
CC
cardiac catheterization, chief complaint
131
CCU
coronary care unit
132
CHF
congestive heart failure
133
CoA
coarctation of the aorta
134
CP
chest pain
135
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
136
CSD
congenital septal defect
137
CV
cardiovascular
138
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
139
ECC
extracorporeal circulation
140
ECG, EKG
electrocardiogram
141
ECHO
echocardiogram
142
fib
fibrillation
143
HTN
hypertension
144
ICD
implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
145
ICU
intensive care unit
146
IV
intravenous
147
LVH
left-ventricular hypertrophy
148
MI
myocardial infarction, mitral insufficiency
149
mm Hg
millimeters of mercury
150
MR
mitral regurgitation
151
MS
mitral stenosis
152
MVP
mitral valve prolapse
153
P
pulse
154
PAC
premature atrial contraction
155
PDA
patent ductus arteriosus
156
PTCA
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
157
PVC
premature ventricular contraction
158
PVD
peripheral vascular disease
159
S1
first heart sound
160
S2
second heart sound
161
SA, S-A
sinoatrial
162
SK
streptokinase
163
tPA
tissue plasminogen activator
164
V fib
ventricular fibrillation
165
VSD
ventricular septal defect
166
VT
ventricular tachycardia
