Chapter 11 Concepts

Question 1

What are all of the glands

Answer 1

adrenal, ovaries, testes, pancreas, parathyroid, pineal, pituitary, thymus, thyroid

Question 2

What are the two types of glands

Answer 2

exocrine, endocrine

Question 3

what do exocrine glands do

Answer 3

release secretions into a duct

Question 4

what do endocrine glands do

Answer 4

release their hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 5

What are the two parts of the adrenal gland

Answer 5

adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla

Question 6

what is aldosterone

Answer 6

a mineralocorticoid that regulates sodium and potassium

Question 7

what is cortisol

Answer 7

a glucocorticoid that regulates carbohydrates

Question 8

what are androgens

Answer 8

steroid sex hormones that regulate secondary sex characteristics

Question 9

what does the adrenal medulla secrete

Answer 9

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 10

what do epinephrine and norepinephrine do

Answer 10

increase blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration levels so the body can perform well under stress

Question 11

what hormones do the ovaries secrete

Answer 11

estrogen and progesterone

Question 12

what is estrogen responsible for

Answer 12

secondary sex characteristics and menstrual cycle regulation

Question 13

what does progesterone do

Answer 13

helps maintain a suitable uterine environment for pregnancy

Question 14

what does the pancreas do as an exocrine gland

Answer 14

releases digestive enzymes into the duodenum via a duct

Question 15

what does the pancreas do as an endocrine gland

Answer 15

releases insulin to take in glucose and lower blood sugar levels; release glucagon to release glucose and raise blood sugar levels

Question 16

what do the parathyroid glands release

Answer 16

PTH

Question 17

what does PTH do

Answer 17

regulate the level of blood calcium

Question 18

what happens when blood calcium falls too low

Answer 18

PTH increases and stimulates bone breakdown

Question 19

What does the pineal gland do

Answer 19

secrete melatonin

Question 20

What is the pituitary gland often referred to as

Answer 20

the master gland

Question 21

what does the anterior pituitary gland secrete

Answer 21

growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, melanocyte hormone

Question 22

what does the growth hormone do

Answer 22

stimulate cells to grow and divide rapidly

Question 23

what does the thyroid stimulating hormone do

Answer 23

regulate thyroid function

Question 24

what does the adrenocorticotropic hormone do

Answer 24

regulate the adrenal cortex

Question 25

what does prolactin do

Answer 25

stimulate milk production following childbirth

Question 26

what does follicle stimulating hormone do

Answer 26

responsible for sex cell development in both genders and estrogen secretion in female

Question 27

what does luteinizing hormone do

Answer 27

stimulates secretion of sex hormones in both genders and ova release in females

Question 28

what does melanocyte stimulating hormone do

Answer 28

prompts melanocytes to produce more melanin

Question 29

what hormones does the posterior pituitary secrete

Answer 29

antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin

Question 30

what does antidiuretic hormone do

Answer 30

promotes water reabsorption by the kidney tubules

Question 31

what does oxytocin do

Answer 31

stimulates uterine contraction during labor and delivery and release of milk after childbirth

Question 32

where is the thymus

Answer 32

the mediastinum, anterior and superior to the heart

Question 33

what does the thymus gland do as part of the endocrine system

Answer 33

secretes thymosin which aids immune development

Question 34

what does the thymus gland do in the immune system

Answer 34

it is essential to the development of newborn immunity

Question 35

what does the thyroid secrete

Answer 35

thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin

Question 36

what do T3 and T4 do

Answer 36

regulate energy and heat production

Question 37

what does calcitonin do

Answer 37

regulates deposition of bone and is the opposite of PTH, it is a response to high levels of blood calcium