chapter 13 Flashcards
(57 cards)
social psychology
the study of how other people influence what we think, feel and do
minicry
taking on for ourselves the behaviors, emotional displays, and facial expressions of others
chameleon effect
how people mimic others non-consciously automatically copy other behaviors even without realizing it
social norms
the (usually unwritten) guidelines for how to behave in social contexts
kurt lewin
behavior is a function of the person and the environment
social loafing
occurs when an individual puts kess effort into working on a task with others
social loafing 4 steps
- avoid low- efficacy beliefs
- ensure that all groups members view eachothers contributions as valuable
- ensure that all group members place high value on the outcome of the project
- ensure that all group members are putting in a strong effort and that they know how hard all of the other members are working
conformity pressure
engaging in behavior because of actions, encouragement or insistence of others
social facilitation
occurs when ones performance is affected by the presence of others
group think
refers to this stifling of diversity that occurs when individuals are not able to express their true perspectives, instead having to focus on agreeing with others and maintaining harmony in the group
normative influence
a social pressure to adopt a groups perspective in order to be accepted , rather than rejected by a group
informational influence
which occurs when people internalize the values and beliefs of the group, coming to believe the same things and feel the same ways themselves
soloman asch and 4 ways to make it difficult with his findings
asch’s conformity experiment:
However, when Asch had confederates give the same wrong answers before the participants gave their judgment, 75% of participants gave the wrong answer on at least one trial
Each time confederates provided the wrong answer, about 1/3 of the participants provided the same wrong answer.
1. high females in group
2. close friends
3. uncertainty of task
4. required to express ideas in a public way
bystander effect
the presence of other people actually reduces the likeihood of helping behavior (so many other people there that no one intervened) -kitty genovese
diffusion of responsibility
which occurs when the responsibility for taking action is spread across more than one person thus making no single individual feel personally responsible
pluralistic ignorance
occurs when there is a dis junction between the private belief of individuals and the public behavior they display to others
- When participants were alone, 75% of them investigated the smoke within 6 minutes.
- When participants shared the room with two unconcerned confederates, only 10% of them investigated the smoke within 6 minutes.
social roles
are more specific sets of expectations for how someone in a specific position should behave
explicit processes
which correspond roughly to “conscious” thought, are deliberative effortful, realitivly slow, and generally under our intentional control
implicit processes
comprise our “unconscious” thought: they are intuitive, automatic, effortless, very fast, and operate largely outside of our intentional control
association test implicit processes
white people respond negatively when they see a black face and positively for a white face
dual process models
models of behavior that account for both implicit and explicit processes
stanley milgram
effect of punishment on memory (shock)
- When participants were alone, 75% of them investigated the smoke within 6 minutes.
- When participants shared the room with two unconcerned confederates, only 10% of them investigated the smoke within 6 minutes.
philip zimbardo
standard prison study
person perception
the processes by which individuals categorize and form judgements about other people