Chapter 13 Gastrointestinal Tract Key Terms

Question 1

Localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue.

Answer 1

abscess

Question 2

process of nutrient molecules passing through wall of intestine into blood or lymph system.

Answer 2

absorption

Question 3

also known as the digestive tract; includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and small and large intestine.

Answer 3

alimentary tract

Question 4

a fecalith or calcification located in the appendix

Answer 4

appendicolith

Question 5

accumulation of serous fluid in the abdomen

Answer 5

ascites

Question 6

entrance of the esophagus into the stomach

Answer 6

cardiac orifice

Question 7

hormone secreted into the blood by the mucosa of the upper small intestine; stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and pancreatic secretion of enzymes

Answer 7

cholecystokinin

Question 8

inflammation of the bowl, accompanied by abscess and bowl wall thickining

Answer 8

Crohn’s disease

Question 9

a pouchlike herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ that occurs in the stomach, the small intestine, or most commonly, the colon

Answer 9

diverticulum

Question 10

first part of the duodenum

Answer 10

duodenal bulb

Question 11

calcified deposit within the appendix; appendicitis can develop when the appendix becomes blocked by hard fecal matter

Answer 11

fecalith

Question 12

endocrine hormone released from the stomach (stimulates secretion of gastric acid)

Answer 12

gastrin

Question 13

helps support the lesser curvature of the stomach

Answer 13

gastrohepatic ligament

Question 14

helps support the greater curvature of the stomach

Answer 14

gastrophrenic ligament

Question 15

ligament between the stomach and the spleen; helps support the stomach and spleen

Answer 15

gastrosplenic ligament

Question 16

double fold of the peritoneum attached to the duodenum, stomach, and large intestine; helps support the greater curve of the stomach; known as the fatty apron

Answer 16

greater omentum

Question 17

normal segmentation of the wall of the colon

Answer 17

haustra

Question 18

collection of blood

Answer 18

hemorrhage

Question 19

ascending colon rises from the right lower quadrant to bend at this point to form the transverse colon

Answer 19

hepatic flexure

Question 20

membranous extension of the peritoneum that suspends the stomach and duodenum from the liver; helps to support the lesser curvature of the stomach

Answer 20

lesser omentum

Question 21

ligament between the spleen and the kidney that helps support the greater curvature of the stomach

Answer 21

lienorenal ligament

Question 22

malignancy of the lymph nodes, spleen, or liver

Answer 22

lymphoma

Question 23

located by drawling a line from the right anterosuperior iliac spine to the umbilicus; at approximately the midpoint of this line lies the root of the appendix

Answer 23

McBurney’s point

Question 24

site of maximum tenderness in the right lower quadrant; usually seen with appendicitis

Answer 24

McBurney’s sign

Question 25

congenital sac or blind pouch found in the lower portion of the ileum

Answer 25

Meckel's diverticulum

Question 26

a fold from the parietal peritoneum that attaches to the small intestine, anchoring it to the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 26

mesentery

Question 27

fifth layer of bowel

Answer 27

mesothelium

Question 28

first layer of bowel

Answer 28

mucosa

Question 29

third layer of bowel

Answer 29

muscularis

Question 30

dilated fluid-filled bowel loops without peristalsis

Answer 30

paralytic ileus

Question 31

rhythmic dilation and contraction of the gastrointestinal tract as food is propelled through it

Answer 31

peristalsis

Question 32

a small tumor-like growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface

Answer 32

polyp

Question 33

muscle that connects the stomach to the proximal duodenum

Answer 33

pyloric canal

Question 34

inner folds of the stomach wall

Answer 34

rugae

Question 35

released from small bowel as antacid; stimulates secretion of bicarbonate

Answer 35

secretin

Question 36

forth layer of bowel; thin, loose layer of connective tissue, surrounded by mesothelium covering the intraperitoneal bowl loops

Answer 36

serosa

Question 37

the transverse colon travels horizontally across the abdomen and bends at this point to form the descending colon

Answer 37

splenic flexure

Question 38

one of the layers of the bowl, under the mucosal layer, contains blood vessels and lymph channels

Answer 38

submucosa

Question 39

characteristic of gastrointestinal wall thickening consisting of an echogenic center and a hypoechoic rim

Answer 39

target sign

Question 40

normal segmentation of the small bowel

Answer 40

valvulae conniventes

Question 41

inner folds of the small intestine

Answer 41

villi