Urinary System Chapter 14 Flashcards
(38 cards)
The urinary system has two principal functions: excreting _____ and regulating the composition of _____.
wastes, blood
the right kidney lies slightly _____ than the left kidney because the large right lobe of the _____ pushes it ______.
Lower, liver, inferiorly
the kidneys move with respiration; on deep inspiration, both kidneys move ______ approximately 1 inch.
downward
Within the hilus of the kidney are other _____ structures, a ureter, and the _______
vascular, lymphatics
A fibrous capsule called the ______ surrounds the kidney.
true capsule
Outside of this fibrous capsule is a covering of _______
perinephric fat
The _____ fascia surrounds the perinephric fat and encloses the kidneys and adrenal glands.
perinephric
The renal fascia, known as ______fascia, surrounds the true capsule and perinephric fat.
Gerota’s
The medullary substance consists of a series of striated conical masses, called the renal _____
pyramids
A nephron consists of two main structures, a renal _____ and a renal _____
corpuscle, tubule
Nephrons ____ the blood and produce _____
blood, urine
The renal corpusle consists of a network of capillaries, called the _____, which is surrounded by a cuplike structure known as ________
glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule
Blood flow into the glomerulus through a small ______ arteriole and leaves the golmerulus through a(n) _______ arteriole.
afferent, efferent
There are three constrictions along the ureter’s course (1) _______,(2) ______,and (3) ________
- Where the ureter leaves the renal pelvis,
- Where it is kinked as it crosses the pelvic brim
- where it pierces the bladder wall
The main renal artery is a lateral branch of the aorta and arises just inferior to the ________ artery.
superior mesenteric
The renal vein drains into the ______ of the inferior vena cava.
lateral wall
The urinary system is located posterior to the peritoneum lining and the abdominal cavity in an area called the ______
retroperitoneum
The kidneys adjust the amounts of _____ and ______ leaving the body so that these equal the amounts of substances entering the body.
water. electrolytes
The principle metabolic waste products are ____, _____ and nitrogenous wastes.
water, carbon dioxide
Both urea and uric acid are carried away from the liver into the kidneys by the ______ system.
vascular
The presence of an acute infection causes _____, which is ____ in the urine; pyuria means there is _____ in the urine.
hematuria, RBC, pus
The pH refers to the strength of the urine as a partly ____ or _____ solution.
acidic, alkaline
The ________ is the measurement of the kidney’s ability to concentrate urine.
specific gravity
The specific gravity is especially ______ in cases of renal failure, glomerular nephritis, and pyelonephritis
low