Chapter 14- GI system Flashcards
1
Q
abdomin/o
A
abdomen
2
Q
celi/o
A
abdomen
3
Q
lapar/o
A
abdomen
4
Q
an/o
A
anus
5
Q
appendic/o
A
appendix
6
Q
bil/i
A
bile
7
Q
chol/e
A
bile
8
Q
bucc/o
A
cheek
9
Q
cheil/o
A
lip
10
Q
col/o
A
colon
11
Q
colon/o
A
colon
12
Q
cyst/o
A
bladder or sac
13
Q
dent/i
A
teeth
14
Q
doch/o
A
duct
15
Q
duoden/o
A
duodenum
16
Q
enter/o
A
small intestine
17
Q
esophag/o
A
esophagus
18
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach
19
Q
gingiv/o
A
gum
20
Q
gloss/o
A
tongue
21
Q
lingu/o
A
tongue
22
Q
hepat/o
A
liver
23
Q
hepatic/o
A
liver
24
Q
herni/o
A
hernia
25
ile/o
ileum
26
inguin/o
groin
27
jejun/o
jejunum (empty)
28
lith/o
stone
29
or/o
mouth
30
stomat/o
mouth
31
pancreat/o
pancreas
32
peritone/o
peritoneum
33
phag/o
eat or swallow
34
proct/o
anus and rectum
35
pylor/o
pylorus (gatekeeper)
36
rect/o
rectum
37
sial/o
saliva
38
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon (resembles s)
39
steat/o
fat
40
prefix -emesis
vomiting
41
anorexia
loss of appetite (orexia=appetite)
42
aphagia
inability to swallow
43
ascites
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity (ascos=bag)
44
buccal
in the cheek
45
constipation
infrequent or incomplete bowel movements characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass (constipo=to press together)
46
diarrhea
frequent loose or liquid stools
47
dyspepsia
indigestion (peptein= to digest)
48
dysphagia
difficulting in swallowing
49
eructation
belch
50
flatulence
gas in the stomach or intestines (flatus=a blowing)
51
halitosis
bad breath (halitus=breath)
52
hematochezia
red blood in the stool (chezo=defecate)
53
hematemesis
vomiting blood
54
hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
55
hyperbilirubinemia
excessive level of bilirubin (bile pigment) in the blood
56
icterus
jaundice
57
jaundice
yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera (white of the eye), and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood (jaundice=yellow)
58
melena
dark-colored, tarry stool caused by old blood
59
nausea
sick in the stomach
60
steatorrhea
feces containing fat
61
sublingual
under the tongue
62
hypoglossal
under the tongue
63
stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth
64
sialoadenitis
inflammation of a salivary gland
65
parotitis (parotiditis)
inflammation of the parotid gland; also called mumps
66
cheilitis
inflammation of the lip
67
glossitis
inflammation of the tongue
68
ankyloglossia
tongue-tie; a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum (ankyl/o=crooked or stiff)
69
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
70
esophageal varices
swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage
71
esophagitis
inflammation of the esophagus
72
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
73
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, often as a result of abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter; causes burning pain in the esophagus
74
pyloric stenosis
narrowed condition of the pylorus
75
peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
a sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria (pept/o=to digest)
76
gastric ulcer
ulcer located in the stomach
77
duodenal ulcer
ulcer located in the duodenum
78
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
79
enteritis
inflammation of the small intestine
80
ileitis
inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine
81
colitis
inflammation of the colon (large intestine)
82
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammation of the colon along with ulcerations
83
diverticulum
a by-way; an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract usually related to a lack of dietary fiber
84
diverticulosis
presence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the bowel
85
diverticulitis
inflammation of diverticula
86
dysentery
inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools, most often caused by bacteria or protozoa
87
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
88
hernia
protrusion of a part from its normal location
89
hiatal hernia
protrusion of part of the stomach upward through the hiatal opening in the diaphragm
90
inguinal hernia
protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region
91
incarcerated hernia
hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac, causing an obstruction
92
strangulated hernia
hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous
93
umbilical hernia
protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus (navel)
94
intussusception
prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part (intus=within; suscipiens= to take up)
95
volvulus
twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction
96
polyposis
multiple polyps in the intestine and rectum with a high malignancy potential
97
polyp
tumor on a stalk
98
proctitis
inflammation of the rectum and anus
99
anal fistula
abnormal tube-like passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum (fistula=pipe)
100
hemorrhoid
swollen, twisted vein (varicosity) in the anal region (haimorrhois= a vein likely to bleed)
101
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
102
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
103
Hepatitis A
infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water
104
Hepatitis B
infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids
105
Hepatitis C
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmitted by exposure to infected blood (rarely contracted sexually)
106
cirrhosis
chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue, most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency (cirrho=yellow)
107
cholangitis
inflammation of the bile ducts
108
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
109
cholelithiasis
presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
110
choledocholithiasis
presence of stones in the common bile duct
111
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
112
bariatric surgery
treatment of morbid obesity by surgery to the stomach and/or intestines; procedures include restrictive techniques that limit the size of the stomach and malabsorptive techniques that limit the absorption of food (baros=weight, iatric= pertains to treatment)
113
cheiloplasty
repair of the lip
114
glossectomy
excision of all or part of the tongue
115
glossorrhaphy
suture of the tongue
116
esophagoplasty
repair of the esophagus
117
gastrectomy
partial or complete removal of the stomach
118
gastric resection
partial removal and repair of the stomach
119
abdominocentesis
surgical puncture of abdomen
120
paracentesis
puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid
121
laparotomy
incision into the abdomen
122
laparoscopic surgery
abdominal surgery using a laparoscope
123
heriorrhaphy
surgical creation of an opening on the abdomen to which the end of the ileum is attached, providing a passageway for ileal discharges; performed after removal of the colon
124
hernioplasty
repair of a hernia
125
colostomy
creation of an opening in the colon through the abdominal wall to create an abdominal anus allowing stool to bypass a diseased portion of the colon; performed to treat ulcerative colitis, cancer, or obstructions
126
anastomosis
union of two hollow vessels; used in bowel surgery
127
ileostomy
surgical creation of an opening on the abdomen to which the end of the ileum is attached, providing a passageway for ileal discharges; performed after removal of the colon
128
appendectomy
excision of a diseased appendix
129
incidental appendectomy
removal of the appendix during abdominal surgery for another procedure
130
polypectomy
excision of polyps
131
proctoplasty
repair of the anus and rectum
132
anal fistulectomy
excision of an anal fistula
133
hemorrhoidectomy
excision of hemorrhoids
134
hepatic lobectomy
excision of a lobe of the liver
135
cholecystectomy
excision of the gallbladder
136
laparoscopic cholecystectomy
excision of the gallbladder through a laparoscope
137
cholelithotomy
incision for removal of gallstones
138
choledocholithotomy
incision of the common bile duct for extraction of gallstones
139
cholelithotripsy
crushing of gallstones
140
pancreatectomy
excision of the pancreas
141
PUD
peptic ulcer disease
142
GERD
gastroesophageal refulx disease
143
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
144
UGI
upper gastrointestinal
145
LGI
lower gastrointestinal
146
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
147
NG
nasogastric
