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Medical terminology > Chapter 14 vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 14 vocabulary Flashcards

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0
Q

akathesia

A

Inability to remain still

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1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Cholinergic neurotransmitter

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3
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

Muscular weakness, atrophy with spasticity caused by degeneration of motor neurons (aka Lou Gehrig’s disease)

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4
Q

aphagia

A

lack of ability to eat or swallow

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5
Q

apraxia

A

lack of ability to use objects properly and recognize common objects, inability to perform motor tasks of daily living

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6
Q

asthenia

A

lack of strength

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7
Q

astrocytoma

A

brain tumour; composed of astrocytes

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8
Q

ataxia

A

lack of order

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9
Q

bradykinesia

A

abnormal slowness of motion

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10
Q

cephalalgia

A

headache

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11
Q

cerebellar

A

pertaining to the cerebellum

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12
Q

cerebral palsy

A

disorder of movement and posture due to damage to motor control centres of the developing brain

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13
Q

cerebrospinal

A

pertaining to the cerebrum and the spinal cord

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14
Q

chorea

A

abnormal involuntary movement disorder

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15
Q

diskectomy

A

surgical excision of a intervertebral disk

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16
Q

dysphasia

A

impairment of speech

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17
Q

electroencephalograph

A

medical instrument used to record electrical activity in brain

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18
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

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19
Q

encephalopathy

A

any pathological dysfunction of the brain

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20
Q

epiduroscopy

A

surgical introduction of medication into epidural space

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21
Q

ganglionectomy

A

surgical excision of a ganglion

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22
Q

glioma

A

tumour composed of neurological tissue

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23
Q

Guillan-Barre syndrome

A

pathological condition in which the myelin sheaths covering peripheral nerves are destroyed

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24
Q

hemiparesis

A

weakness on one side of the body

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25
hemiplegia
paralysis of one half of the body (left or right)
26
herniated disk syndrom
condition where the soft, gelatinous central portion of an intervertebral disk is forced through a weakened part of the disk
27
herpes zoster
shingles
28
hydrocephalus
condition in which there is an increase in cerebrospinal fluid within the brain
29
hyperesthesia
increase feelings of sensory stimuli
30
hyperkinesis
increased muscular movement, inability to keep still
31
intracranial
pertaining to within the skull
32
laminectomy
surgical excision of a vertebral posterior arch
33
meningioma
tumour of the meninges
34
meningocele
congenital hernia in which meninges protrude through defect in skull or spinal column
35
meningomyelocele
congenital herniation of spinal cord and meninges
36
microcephalus
abnormally small head
37
multiple sclerosis
chronic disease of the central nervous system marked by damage to myelin sheath
38
myelitis
inflammation of spinal cord
39
myelography
xray recording of spinal cord
40
neuralgia
pain in a nerve
41
neurasthenia
pathological condition characterized by weakness, exhaustion, and prostration
42
neurilemma
thin membranous sheath that envelops a nerve fibre
43
neuritis
inflammation of a nerve
44
neuroblast
immature nervous tissue cell
45
neuroblastoma
malignant tumour composed of cells resembling neuroblasts
46
neurocyte
nerve cell
47
neurofibroma
fibrous connective tissue tumour or a nerve
48
neuroglia
supporting or connective tissue cells of the central nervous system
49
neuroma
tumour of nerve cells and fibres
50
oligodendroglioma
malignant tumour derived and composed of oligodendroglia
51
pallidotomy
surgical destruction of the globus pallidus of the brain (Parkinson's treatment)
52
palsy
pathological loss of sensation or an impairment of motor function
53
papilledema
swelling of optical disk
54
paresis
partial paralysis
55
paresthesia
abnormal sensation, feeling of numbness, prickling, tingling
56
Parkinson's disease
progressive neurological disorder caused by degeneration of nerve cells in movement area of brain
57
paroxysm
sudden recurrence of symptoms of a disease
58
pheochromocytoma
chromaffin cell tumour
59
poliomyelitis
inflammation of the grey matter of the spinal cord
60
Reye's syndrome
acute disease that causes edema of the brain and increased intracranial pressure
61
somnambulism
sleepwalking
62
spondylosyndesis
surgical procedure to bind vertebra after removal of herniated disk
63
sundowning
increase agitation that occurs late afternoon/early evening in patients with cognitive impairment
64
sympathectomy
surgical excision of a portion of the sympathetic nervous system
65
syncope
temporary loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to brain
66
Tay-Sachs disease
inherited, progressive disease marked by degeneration of brain tissue
67
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulations
use of mild electrical stimulation to interfere with transmission of painful stimuli
68
vagotomy
surgical incision of the vagus nerve
69
ventriculometry
measurement of intercranial pressure
70
cerebral angiography
process of making xray record of cerebral arterial system
71
computed tomography
diagnostic procedure used to study structure of brain
72
echoencephalography
using ultrasound to determine presence of centrally located mass in the brain
73
electroencephalography
process of measuring electrical activity of the brain
74
myelogram
xray of spinal canal
75
positron emission tomography
imaging procedure that can produce 3D picture of actual organ functioning
76
ultrasonography
use of high-frequency sound waves to record echoes
77
parts of a neuron: arms
dendrites
78
parts of a neuron: tail
axon
79
Sheath that wraps the axons of some neurons is called
myelin
80
types of neuroglia: star shaped, transporting water
astroglia
81
types of neuroglia: small, phagocytic cells, respond to inflammation
microglia
82
types of neuroglia: form the myelin sheath
oligodendroglia
83
the space between two nerve cells is known as
synapse
84
mediate impulses between sensory and motor neurons
interneurons
85
How many pair of cranial nerves in PNS?
12
86
How many pair of spinal nerves in PNS?
31
87
A large network of nerves in the PNS is known as
plexus
88
The folds of the cerebrum are known as
gyri
89
The grooves of the cerebrum are known as
sulci
90
Four lobes of the cerebrum are
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
91
Outermost layer of meninges is called
dura mater
92
Middle layer of meninges is called
arachnoid
93
Innermost layer of meninges is called
pia mater

Medical terminology (61 decks)

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