Chapter 16-27 Quiz Flashcards by jessica quintos

The large commissure that connects the right and left sides of the brain is called the ________.

Corpus collosum

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Which secondary brain vesicle forms the cerebrum?

telencephalon

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All the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic division release ________ at their synapses and neuroeffector junctions.

acetylcholine (ACh)

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Which structure is a thin, semitransparent connective tissue sheet that separates the external ear from the middle ear?

tympanic membrane

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Vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________.

medulla oblongata

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Which structure connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle?

cerebral aqueduct

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The primary auditory cortex is located in the ________.

temporal lobe

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A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a ________.

sulcus

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The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?

arachnoid and pia mater

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The brain stem consists of the ________.

midbrain, medulla, pons

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The epithelium covering the inner surface of the eyelids and the outer surface of the eye is called the ________.

conjuctiva

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The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________.

lateral sulcus

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The central sulcus separates which lobes?

frontal lobe + parietal lobe

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Preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic (thoracolumbar) division of the ANS are located in the ________ of spinal segments T1- L2.

lateral gray horns

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Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?

longitudinal fissure

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Gustatory information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is carried to the gustatory cortex of the cerebrum via which cranial nerve?

facial nerve

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Receptors for hearing are located in the ________.

cochlea

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The “resting and digesting” division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________.

parasympathetic division

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The ________ includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

diencephalon

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The sympathetic division of the ANS has ________.

A. long postganglionic axons.
B. norepinephrine as a transmitter substance.
C. preganglionic neuron cell bodies in the T1-L2 regions of the spinal cord.

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Which of the following is a dural septum, described as a large sickle- shaped fold that dips into the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres?

falx cerebri

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What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?

infundibulum

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Which of the following structures is not part of the external ear?

pharyngotympanic tube

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The conjunctiva that lines the internal surface of the eyelids is termed the ________ conjunctiva.

palpebral conjunctiva

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Preparing the body for the "fight- or- flight" response is the role of the ________.

sympathetic nervous system

Which neurotransmitter is released by sympathetic preganglionic axons at their synapses with ganglionic neurons?

acetylcholine

Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________.

gyri

The ventral portion of the ________ develops into the pons, and the dorsal portion becomes the cerebellum.

metencephalon

When the diaphragm contracts, the size of the thoracic cavity ________, the pressure inside the thoracic cavity ________, and air flows ________ the lungs.

increases; drops; into

Which cells produce surfactant?

alveolar type-II (AT-II) cells of the lungs.

Erythropoietin is produced in the

kidneys | liver

Fluid that reduces surface tension of the alveolar walls.

surfactant

Cells that manufacture and secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone are located in the

pars distalis.

The part of the brain that generates the basic respiratory rhythm is the

medulla oblongata

Cells that manufacture and secrete aldosterone are located in the

zona glomerulosa

The serous membrane lining of the wall of the thoracic cavity.

parietal pleura

Target organs for the hormone oxytocin include the uterus and the

mammary glands

Cells that manufacture and secrete ACTH are located in the

pituitary gland.

The ________ flaps over the glottis when we swallow food.

epiglottis

The beta type of endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets secretes a hormone that

Lowers blood sugar levels

Which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months?

the thyroid

Cells that manufacture and secrete androgens are located in the

zona reticularis

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland?

melanocyte stimulating hormone(MSH)

Gland of the epithalamus.

pineal gland

Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin.

Beta cells (B cells)

Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function.

thymus gland

Alveolar cells that allow rapid diffusion of respiratory gases.

Type 1

Which of the following endocrine glands is capable of storing its hormones extracellularly and then slowly releasing them?

Thyroid gland

The action of the parathyroid hormone is counteracted by

calcitonin

The target of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is

The ovaries

The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as

infundibulum.

Pancreatic cell type that produces glucagon.

Alpha cells (A cells)

The passageway between the nasopharynx and the middle ear is the

eustachian tube

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

ADH

Leukocyte primarily responsible for destroying bacteria.

neutrophil

________ is a condition in which there is an abnormally low concentration of platelets in the blood.

Thrombocytopenia

The heart chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.

left atrium

The largest lymphoid organ.

spleen

Contraction of these structures tightens the chordae tendineae, preventing valve prolapse.

papillary muscles

The most common formed elements in the blood are

red blood cells

The epicardium is the same as the

visceral layer of serous pericardium

The abdominal aorta divides at its distal end into which arteries?

the common iliac arteries

Most abundant formed element.

erythrocytes.

What vessel in the fetus connects the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch so that most of the blood bypasses the immature lungs?

ductus arteriosus

The inner endothelial layer that lines the heart is the

endocardium

The plasma's globulins include

both anti bodies and the blood proteins that transport lipids, iron and copper.

Oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart and enters the

right atrium of the heart

If examination of the blood reveals a large number of immature leukocytes, the individual is probably suffering from

leukemia

A drop of blood returning to the heart from the head region would enter the heart through which vessel?

the superior vena cava

During ventricular systole, blood is

ejected from the ventricles through the large arteries connected to the heart

The tonsil located on the posterior surface of the tongue is the ________ tonsil.

lingual

________ is a condition in which the blood's capacity for carrying oxygen is diminished.

Anemia

Percentage of blood comprised by erythrocytes.

hematocrit

Threadlike structures of the endocardium that prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves.

chordae tendineae

Which of the following structures is not found in the left ventricle?

the pectinate muscles

Which of the following cells lack mitochondria?

erythrocytes

The valve responsible for preventing backflow of blood from the lungs into the heart.

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Which of the following vessels does not carry oxygen-poor blood to the heart?

the pulmonary vein

Seen in abundance during parasitic infection.

eosinophil

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the

left atrium

The tricuspid valve is closed

when the ventricle is in systole

________ is a condition in which there is an abnormal excess of erythrocytes in the blood.

Polycythemia

The heart chamber that pumps oxygenated blood around the systemic circuit is the

left ventricle

The formed element that is flattened, circular, lacks a nucleus, lacks mitochondria or ribosomes, and is red because of the presence of hemoglobin is

an erythrocyte

Uterine Wall (deep to superficial)

Endometrium: simple columnar epith., functional layer, basal layer Myometrium: longitudinal, circular (most), longitudinal Perimetrium: serosa (only anterior + posterior)

Areola

region around nipple; sebaceous glands beneath

Primary reproduction organs | male + female

Testes, Ovaries

Avg. Length of Menstrual Cycle

21-35 days lasts 1-7 days

Androgen

produces testosterone which 1. stimulates sperm production maturity 2. secondary sex characteristics 3. stim growth/metabolism 4. sex behavior/drive

stim testes to produce testosterone; | stim ovulation

Uterine Ligaments

posterior-anterior Uterosacral Lig. Cardinal (broad ligament Round (around the bladder)

testosterone is produced in the

interstitial cells