Chapter 17

Question 1

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons arise from __________.

Answer 1

They arise from all of the thoracic spinal cord segments in addition to L1 and L2.

Question 2

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons in all of the following EXCEPT __________. terminal ganglia. celiac ganglia. inferior mesenteric ganglia. chain ganglia. cervical ganglia.

Answer 2

terminal ganglia.

Question 3

Preganglionic fibers headed for the adrenal medulla travel in the __________.

Answer 3

greater splanchnic nerve.

Question 4

If Michael experiences a frightening situation that causes the stimulation of his sympathetic nervous system, which of the following is NOT likely to occur? -an increase in smooth muscle activity along the GI tract -mobilization of energy reserves -elevation of muscle tone -a feeling of energy and euphoria

Answer 4

-an increase in smooth muscle activity along the GI tract

Question 5

The suprarenal medullae release which of the following neurotransmitters?

Answer 5

adrenaline

Question 6

How would the use of a beta blocker affect an individual’s heart rate?

Answer 6

It would slow the heart rate.

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter does the sympathetic division use primarily to excite target organs?

Answer 7

norepinephrine

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a possible pathway for sympathetic neurons leaving the spinal cord and entering a sympathetic chain ganglion?

Answer 8

They CANNOT pass through the chain ganglion and arc back to enter the dorsal root of the spinal nerve.

Question 9

Which of the following are possible pathways for sympathetic neurons leaving the spinal cord and entering a sympathetic chain ganglion?

Answer 9

_They may synapse within the chain ganglion. _They may pass through the ganglion and synapse in a collateral ganglion. _They may ascend or descend within the chain ganglia and synapse at a point other than the ganglia through which they entered.

Question 10

Which nerves has parasympathetic fibers?

Answer 10

CN III oculomotor CN VII facial CN IX glossopharyngeal CN X vagus

Question 11

The parasympathetic division differs from the sympathetic division in that __________.

Answer 11

parasympathetic postganglionic neurons are generally shorter than preganglionic neurons.

Question 12

Approximately 75 percent of all parasympathetic preganglionic nerves travel through the __________.

Answer 12

vagus nerve

Question 13

Which of the following is correctly matched? ciliary ganglion: salivary glands submandibular ganglion: tongue pterygopalatine ganglion: lacrimal glands otic ganglion: lens of the eye

Answer 13

pterygopalatine ganglion: lacrimal gland

Question 14

The cell bodies for preganglionic parasympathetic neurons that innervate the parotic gland are found in __________.

Answer 14

nuclei in the brainstem

Question 15

Cell bodies for parasympathetic postganglionic neurons can be found in __________.

Answer 15

intramural ganglia

Question 16

Why is the sympathetic division of the ANS known as the “fight-or-flight” system?

Answer 16

It increases tissue metabolism and alertness.

Question 17

Why is the parasympathetic division known as the “rest-and-digest” system?

Answer 17

It conserves energy and promotes sedentary activities.

Question 18

Parasympathetic fibers originate within the __________ and __________.

Answer 18

brainstem, sacral spinal cord

Question 19

Autonomic neurons leaving the brainstem belong to __________.

Answer 19

the parasympathetic division

Question 20

The intramural ganglia of the parasympathetic division can be found __________.

Answer 20

in the tissue of the target organs

Question 21

In which of the following does dual innervation play a major role?

Answer 21

small intestine

Question 22

What happens when both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons innervate a target organ?

Answer 22

Their effects tend to be antagonistic.

Question 23

In terms of autonomic levels of control, what is the main location for the control of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

Answer 23

hypothalamus

Question 24

Answer 24

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

Answer 26