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Human Anatomy > Skeletal Muscular System - Axial > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscular System - Axial Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

5 Superficial Back Muscles

A 
Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Rhomboid Minor
Rhomboid Major
Levator Scapulae
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2
Q

Trapezius Muscle

superficial back

A

Superficial back muscle
Innerviated by CNXI + cervical spinal nerves
3 Components: Ascending, Transverse, + Descending

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3
Q

Ascending Trapezius Muscle

superficial back

A

Origin: T4-T12
Insertion: upper crest +tubercle of scapular spine

depress scapula

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4
Q

Transverse Trapezius Muscle

superficial back

A

Origin: C7-T3
Insertion: acromion + spine of scapula

retracts scapula

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5
Q

Descending Trapezius Muscle

superficial back

A

Origin: occipital bone, C1-C7
Insertion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle

elevates shoulders

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6
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

superficial back

A

Origin: T7-T1, thoracolumbar fascia, posterior iliac crest, 9-12 ribs
Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of humerus bone
Innervated: thoracodorsal nerve

adduct + medially rotate arm; extend shoulders

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7
Q

Rhomboid Minor

superficial back

A

Origin: C7-T1
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Innervated: dorsal scapular nerve

retract + medially rotate scapulae

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8
Q

Rhomboid Major

superficial back

A

Origin: T2-T5
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Innervated: dosral scapular nerve

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9
Q

Levator Scapulae

superficial back

A

Origin: C1-C4
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Innervated: cervical spinal nerve

laterally flex + rotate head + neck, elevate shoulders

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10
Q

Intermediate Back Muscle

A

accessory muscles for respiratory + assist in holding tension in the back

branches of thoracic nerves

Serratus Posterior Superior
Serratus Posterior Inferior

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11
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior

Intermediate back muscle

A

Origin: C7-T3
Insert: 2-5 Ribs

spans laterally+inferiorly; elevates 2-5 ribs during repiration

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12
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Intermediate back muscle

A

Origin: T11-L2
Insert: 9-12 Ribs

spans laterally + superiorly to depress 6-12 ribs during expiration

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13
Q

Deep Layer of Back Muscles

A

2 groups: Erector Spinae Group + Multifidus Muscle

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14
Q

Erector Spinae Group

A

keeps vertebral column erect and hyperetend the spine

I Love Spaghetti (I.L.S.)

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis

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15
Q

Iliocostalis

deep back muscle

A

Origin: sacrum, crest of ilium, spinous process of lumbar + thoracic vertebrae, angles of lower 6 ribs

Insert: angles of upper ribs, transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

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16
Q

Longissimus

deep back muscle

A

Origin: transverse process of lower vertebrae
Insert: transverse process of thoracic + cervical vertebrae + mastoid process of skull

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17
Q

Spinalis

deep back muscle

A

Origin: spinous process of lower thoracic vertebrae
Insert: superior cervical vertebrae + base of skull

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18
Q

Multifidus

deep back muscle

A

makes up transversospinalis muscles

long muscle that spans the length of entire back

Origin: sacrum, transverse process of C2-L5
Insert: spinous process of most spinal vertebrae (C4-L5)

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19
Q

Abdominal Wall

A

4 muscles: Rectus Abdominis.
External Oblique,
Internal Oblique,
Transversus Abdominis

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20
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

long, straight, vertical (6 pack)

surrounded by rectus sheath formed by aponeuroses of flat abdominal muscle

has TENDINOUS INTERSECTIONS that divide muscles into individual sections that increase range of motions

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21
Q

EXTERNAL OBLIQUE

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A

Origin: 5-12 ribs
Insert: Linea Alba, pubic crest, anterior superior iliac spine, iliac crest

22
Q

INTERNAL OBLIQUE

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A

Origin: deep layer of thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament, iliopsas
Insert: 10-12 ribs, pubic crest, anterior + posterior layers of the linea alba

23
Q

TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS

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A

Origin: 7-12 cartilage, deep thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 iliac crest, lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament
Insert: linea alba, pubic crest, pecten pubis

24
Q

Posterior Abdominal Wall

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A 
Iliacus (hip flexer)
Psoas Minor
Psoas Major (hip flexer)
Quadratus Lumborum
Diaphragm
Transversus Abdominis
Internal Oblique
External Oblique`
25
Iliacus | posterior abdominal wall
Origin: internal pelvis, iliac fossa on ala of ilium Insert: femur
26
Psoas Major | posterior abdominal wall
Origin: T12-L5 transverse process Insert: femur
27
Psoas Minor | posterior abdominal wall
anterior of psoas major. sometimes absent in some individuals
28
Quadratus Lumborum
Origin: Iliac crest inferior Insert: 12th rib superiorly important for back support and posture
29
Functions of Pelvic Floor
bowl shaped structure that connects lower limbs inferiorly to the trunk superiorly - provides attachment sires for muscles of abdomen, back, lower limb - protecting organs of urogenital system - allowing passage of a newborn
30
Pelvic Floor Muscles
pelvic diaphragm, Perineal Membrane, Perineal Body, Deep Perineal Pouch
31
Pelvic Diaphragm
composed of COCCYGEUS muscle posteriorly, LEVATOR ANI muscles anteriorly and laterally arranged like a bowl that separates pelvis from perineum
32
Right + Left Coccygeus
posteosuperior part of pelvic diaphragm
33
Levator Ani
large part of pelvic diaphragm 3 parts: Iliococcygeus, Pubococcygeus, Puborectalis muscles originate + inset into hip bones to seal up pelvic outlet
34
Puborectalis
part of Levator ani that creates a U shape opening for urethra
35
Obturator Internus
anterior to pelvic diaphragm on both sides. has tough membrane layer that closes obturator foramen on each hip.
36
Perineal Membrane + Deep Perineal Pouch
forms boundary bw pelvic cavity and perineum perineal membrane is flat triangular fibrous tissue that extends bw ischiopubic rami in males, has aperture that transmists urethra in females, has aperture for urethra and another aperture for vagina
37
Perineal Body
attached to posterior aspect of perineal membrane serves as attachment site for superficial/deep perineal muscles, external anal sphincter, and bulbospongiosus muscle
38
SCALP
``` Skin Connective Tissue Aponeuroses Loose Connective Tissue Pericranium ```
39
Circular Facial Muscles
Orbicularis Oculi | Orbicularis Oris
40
Orbicularis Oculi
Origins: medial aspect of orbital margin, palpebral part, and lacrimal bone Inserts: skin surrounding orbit, lateral palpebral raphe, upper + lower eyelids responsible for controlling gap bw eyelids (voluntary action of blinking)
41
ORBICULARIS ORIS
surrounds oral cavity Origin: anteromedial surface of maxilla + anteromedial surface of mandible Insert: skin and fascias of the lips
42
5 Straight Facial Muscles
``` Buccinator Muscle Platysma Zygomaticus Muscle Depressor Anguli Oris Frontal Belly of Occipitofrontalis ```
43
Buccinator Muscle
small, flat muscle of facial expression and mastification alveolar process of mandible to pterygomandibular raphe + alveolar process of maxilla
44
Platysma
Origin: pectoral fascia overlying pectoralis major + deltoid muscles Insert: inferior morder of mand`ible + parotid fascia large, broad, think sheet like muscle in anterior aspect of neck. deprsses angle of mouth + tenses neck more prominent in men
45
Zygomaticus Muscle
Major - more lateral Origin: lateral surface of zygomatic bone. Insert: skin of angle of mouth Minor - Origin: anterior surface of zygomatic bone. Insert: lateral upper lip + angle of mouth
46
Depressor Anguli Oris
Origin: anterolateral part of inferior border of mandible + platysma Insert: angle of mouth + merges w fibers of orbicularis oris
47
Frontal Belly of Occipitofrontalis
part of layer of scalp Origin: epicranial aponeurosis Insert: skin of eyebrows + forehead
48
4 Muscles of Mastification
innervated by mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve Responsible for elevation: Temporalis, Masseter, + Medial Pterygoid Responsible for depression: Lateral Pterygoid
49
Temporalis
large fan shape. Arises from temporal fossa and inserts into anterior ramus of mandible
50
Masseter
deep masseter is smaller from posterior third of zygomatic arch superficial masseter is larger/broader arising from anterior 2/3 of zygomatic arch. inserts low down to mandibular ramus, on lateral side of angle
51
Medial Pterygoid
Origin: medial surface of lateral prerygoid plate, pyramidal process of palatine bone, tuberosity of maxilla Inserts: medial surface of angle + ramus of mandible
52
Lateral Pterygoid
Origin: superior head-infratempora surface of greater wing of sphenoid + inferior head-lateral surface of pterygoid plate Inserts: condylar process of mandble

Human Anatomy (29 decks)

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