Chapter 22

Question 1

Which of the following correctly summarizes the histological organization of blood vessels’ walls?

Answer 1

The wall is composed of an outer layer of fibrous connective tissue, a middle layer with sheets of smooth muscle and an elastic framework, and a thin, smooth epithelial inner layer bound to areolar tissue.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct comparison between the walls of arteries and veins?

Answer 2

Arteries have more smooth muscle and elastic fibers than veins have.

Question 3

Which of the following is best adapted to dealing with pulses of high blood pressure?

Answer 3

elastic arteries

Question 4

Collagen fibers in the tunica adventitia __________.

Answer 4

strengthen the blood vessel wall to help prevent it from being damaged

Question 5

Which of the following statements about capillaries is FALSE? -Capillaries are a little larger than the diameter of a single red blood cell. -Water moves across capillary beds by the process of osmosis. -Capillaries have thin walls, meaning that gas diffusion distances are short. -Both fenestrated capillaries and sinusoids lack the outer basal lamina of the capillary wall.

Answer 5

FALSE: Both fenestrated capillaries and sinusoids lack the outer basal lamina of the capillary wall.

Question 6

Moving from the aorta to the capillaries, __________.

Answer 6

the diameter of the vessels decreases, whereas the number of vessels increases

Question 7

What is the function of the valves within the veins?

Answer 7

to prevent the backflow of blood away from the heart

Question 8

Most of the blood in the body at any given moment is found in the __________.

Answer 8

venules and medium-sized veins

Question 9

When Jan traces the aorta from the heart into the groin area, she finds that it is given multiple names. Why is this?

Answer 9

It allows for accurate descriptions of the location of the vessel at any given point.

Question 10

The pulmonary veins carry __________.

Answer 10

oxygenated blood to the heart

Question 11

The lateral vessel in the forearm is the _____ artery, and the lateral vessel in the leg is the ____ artery.

Answer 11

radial, fibular

Question 12

The three branches off of the aortic arch are the __________.

Answer 12

brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left subclavian.

Question 13

Which of the following correctly lists blood flow from the heart to the leg?

Answer 13

abdominal aorta, right external iliac, femoral, and popliteal

Question 14

The valve found between the right atrium and right ventricle is the __________ valve.

Answer 14

tricuspid

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true of heart anatomy? -The pulmonary trunk divides into three pulmonary veins. -There are four vessels arising from the aortic arch. -The chordae tendineae attach to the semilunar valves. -The left ventricle has the thickest myocardium of all of the chambers.

Answer 15

The left ventricle has the thickest myocardium of all of the chambers.

Question 16

Which of the following vessels join to form the basilar artery?

Answer 16

vertebral arteries

Question 17

The cerebral arterial circle, also known as the circle of Willis, is formed by which of the following arteries?

Answer 17

anterior communicating, anterior cerebral, posterior communicating, and posterior cerebral

Question 18

All of the following are branches off the basilar artery EXCEPT the __________.

Answer 18

posterior inferior cerebellar

Question 19

The renal, superior mesenteric, and gonadal arteries are all branches that diverge from the __________.

Answer 19

abdominal aorta

Question 20

The hepatic portal vein __________.

Answer 20

receives blood from the digestive organs

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a vein found in the arm? basilic brachial radial cephalic

Answer 21

radial

Question 22

Typically blood is drawn from the __________ vein, a vessel found in the anterior elbow.

Answer 22

median cubital

Question 23

Which of the following vessels drain directly into the superior vena cava?

Answer 23

brachiocephalic veins

Question 24

All of the following are true of the great saphenous vein EXCEPT __________. -it runs through the medial side of the thigh -it drains directly into the external iliac vein -it is the longest vein in the body -it passes posteriorly to the medial epicondyle of the femur

Answer 24

it drains directly into the external iliac vein

Question 25

In comparison to a full-term baby that has not yet been born, a newborn __________.

Answer 25

has greater rhythmic pressure changes in the lungs

Question 26

When an infant draws its first breath, the separation of the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit occurs through the closing of the __________.

Answer 26

ductus arteriosus

Question 27

When Gertie, a 75-year-old woman, visits her cardiologist, which of the following statements is she NOT likely to hear?

Answer 27

“My dear, you’ve got a greater risk now for developing blood clots in your legs, which could break loose and cause a stroke in your brain.”

Question 28

The hepatic portal vein __________.

Answer 28

brings venous blood containing absorbed nutrients to the liver

Question 29

Which of the following veins combine to form the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 29

splenic and superior mesenteric

Question 30

Blood coming from the small intestines travels in the __________.

Answer 30

superior mesenteric vein

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

Answer 33