Chapter 26

Question 1

Which of the following blood vessels gives rise to the peritubular capillaries?

Answer 1

efferent arteriole

Question 2

About 85 percent of all nephrons __________.

Answer 2

are cortical nephrons with short nephron loops

Question 3

Filtrate produced in the renal corpuscle flows directly into the __________.

Answer 3

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 4

Adjacent renal pyramids are separated by the __________.

Answer 4

renal columns

Question 5

The outer layer of the kidney is called the __________.

Answer 5

renal cortex

Question 6

Four or five minor calyces join to form __________.

Answer 6

a major calyx

Question 7

The glomerular capsule __________.

Answer 7

has specialized podocytes of the visceral layer that wrap around the glomerular capillaries

Question 8

The macula densa cells are located in the __________ portion of the juxtaglomerular complex.

Answer 8

distal convoluted tubule

Question 9

During filtration, all of the following act as a physical barrier as part of the filtration membrane EXCEPT __________.

Answer 9

subpodocyte space

Question 10

The left renal vein __________.

Answer 10

passes posterior to the superior mesenteric artery

Question 11

Which of the following correctly describes the position of the kidneys?

Answer 11

The inferior vena cava is medial to the kidneys.

Question 12

The ureters __________.

Answer 12

pass anterior to the iliac artery and vein

Question 13

Podocytes are found within what structure in the renal corpuscle?

Answer 13

visceral layer of the glomerular capsule

Question 14

Which of the following correctly lists the parts of the juxtaglomerular complex?

Answer 14

macula densa, mesangial cells, and juxtaglomerular cells

Question 15

What happens to the glomerular filtrate released into the capsular space?

Answer 15

It passes into the proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 16

The ureters __________.

Answer 16

along with the opening to the urethra, form the trigone

Question 17

Smooth muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder is called the __________.

Answer 17

detrusor muscle

Question 18

In a male, the external urethral sphincter __________.

Answer 18

is inferior to the prostate

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

Flow of Urine

Answer 21

Urine leaves the kidneys and travel along the URINARY TRACT (URETERS, URINARY BLADDER, AND URETHRA)

Question 22

Flow of Filtrate from Bowman’s Capsule

Answer 22

glomerulus > Proximal Convoluted Tubule > Descending Limb > Ascending Limb > Distal Convoluted Tubule > Connecting Tube > Connecting Duct > Minor Calyx

Question 23

Function of Urinary System

Answer 23

• removes metabolic wastes from bloodstream to produce urine
• regulates blood plasma concentration (Na, K, Cl, Ca)
• regulates blood volume/pressure
• regulates pH w respiratory system
• conserve valuable nutritients
• synthesize CALCITROL, that stimulates calcium absorption
• help detoxify liver

Question 24

Blood Circulation in Kidney

Answer 24

Renal Artery > SEGMENTAL Artery > INTERLOBAR Artery > ARCUATE artery > CORTICAL RADIATE Atery > AFFERENT ARTERIOLES > GLOMERULUS > EFFERENT ARTERIOLES

> PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES > VENULES > CORTICAL RADIATE Veins > ARCUATE Veins > INTERLOBAR Veins > Renal Veins

Question 25

Blood enters the kidney via \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 25

Renal Artery and then Segmental, Interlobar, Arcuate, Cortical, Afferent Arterioles, Glomerulus, Efferent Arterioles, Pertibular Capilaries, Venules, Cortical, Arcuate, Interlobar, Renal Vein

Question 26

Parts of the male urethra

Answer 26

1. Pre Prostatic Urethre 2. Prostatic Urethra - passes thru prostate 3. Membranous Urethra - very short, right at the pelvic floor 4. Spongey Urethra - remaining route to external 5. NAvicular Fossa - larger opening in head of penis