Skeletal System: Appendicular Division

Question 1

3 Primary Functions of Lower Limbs

Answer 1

1 assist and support locomotion
2 support weight of body
3 maintain balance of body

Question 2

WEIGHT TRANSFER

Answer 2

initially occurs at sacroiliac joint

continues at hip joint from hip bone to femur (most critical weight transfer)

then continues from femur thru knee joint to tibia (NOT fibula)

continues thru ankle joint TALUS then evenly on foot

Question 3

FEMUR

Answer 3

longest, largest, heaviest bone

distal end lies more medial than proximal end

Question 4

Proximal End of FEMUR

Answer 4

head (faced medially to articulate w hip bone), neck (inferolateral to heda to effectively distribute weight), greater trochanter (laterally) and lesser trochanters (medially), interochanteric crest is a site for muscle attachment from glutes

Question 5

Shaft of FEMUR

Answer 5

3 surfaces: ANTERIOR, MEDIAL (bw medial + posterior borders), LATERAL (bw lateral + posterior borders)

Question 6

LINEA ASPERA

Answer 6

posterior border

Question 7

Distal End of FEMUR

Answer 7

consists of medial and lateral condyles
articulates w TIBIA to form knee joint

depression between condyles is called PATELLAR SURFACE

projections called MEDIAL and LATERAL EPICONDYLE

Medial Epicondyle has another projection called ADDUCTOR TUBERCLE

Question 8

Long Bones of Leg

Answer 8

TIBIA - medial; larger, articulates w knee, responsible for weight transfer

FIBULA - lateral

Question 9

FIBULA

Answer 9

HEAD is rounded and lies proximally.
Distal fibula is diamond shaped

articulates w tibia at proximal and distal tibiofibular joints

has lateral extension called LATERAL MALLEOLUS

Question 10

TIBIA

Answer 10

Proximal - 2 projection of bones (MEDIAL and LATERAL CONDYLES)
bw 2 condyles is extension called INTERCONDYLAR EMINENCE (fits w intercondylar fossa of femur)
TIBULAR TUBEROSITY sits anteroinferiorly beneath condyles and is a attachment site for Patellar Tendon

Distal - medial extension called MEDIAL MALLEOLUS

Question 11

MEDIAL and LATERAL MALLEOLUS

Answer 11

medial is found in Tibia, lateral is found in Fibula

projections that strengthen and reinforce the ankle. found on outsides of ankle

Question 12

Tarsal Bones

Answer 12

7 tarsal bones
CALCANEUS (forms heel and arch), CUBOID (same row as cuneiforms that articulates with 2 most lateral metatarsals), TALUS (most superior), NAVICULAR (inferior to Talus, superior to cuneiforms),
and 3 CUNEIFORMS

Question 13

Phalange and Metatarsals
from medial (1) to lateral (5)

Answer 13

5 metatarsals
5 proximal phalange
4 middle phalange (toe is missing)
5 distal phalange