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Human Anatomy > Skeletal Muscular System - Appendicular > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscular System - Appendicular Flashcards

1
Q

Extrinsic Muscles

A

Originates outside the limb and Insertions are within the limb

often large dynamic movers

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2
Q

Intrinsic Muscles

A

muscles that originate and insert within the upper limb itself

Subgroups:
Anterior/Posterior Arm Muscles,
Anterior/Posterior Forearm Muscles,
Muscles of Hand

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3
Q

4 Anterior Axioappendicular

A

1 Pectoralis Major Muscle
2 Serratus Anterior Muscle
3 Subclavius Muscle
4 Pectoralis Minor Muscle

attached more anteriorly on thoracic wall. Origin on Axial and Inserts on Appendicular (thus the name)

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4
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

largest/most superficial of anterior axioappendicular muscles

large, dynamic move of upper limb

powerful adduction + medial rotation of the arm

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5
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

deep to pectoralis major

Origin: 2-4, sometimes 5 rib
Insert: Coracoid process of Scapula

stabilizes scapula

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6
Q

Subclavius Muscle

A

directly below scapula

depesses should, stabilizes clavivle during mvmt of upper limb

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7
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Origin: anterior ribs
Insert: scapula

most powerful muscle of pectoral girdle; protractor of scapula, keeps scapula anchored against posterior thoracic wall

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8
Q

4 Posterior Axioappendicular Muscles

A

1 Trapezius
2 Latissimus Dorsi
3 Levator Scapulae
4 Rhomboid Major, Minor

counterparts to anterior group

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9
Q

Trapezius

A

large, superficial, diamond shaped muscle

Origin: skull, upper vertebrae
Insert: clavicle, scapulae

elevates scapula, rotation of later parts of scapula upwards, facilitates in raising upper limb above the head

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10
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

flat muscle located inferior + deep to trapezius

large dynamic mvmt, extension, adduction, medial rotation of upper limb; depression of shoulder

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11
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

deep to trapezius, superior to spine of scapula.

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12
Q

Rhomboid Major/Minor

A

retracts the scapula

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13
Q

4 Rotator Cuff Muscles

S.I.T.S.

A

Supraspinatus (superior to spine of scapula)
Infraspinatus (inferior to spine of scapula)
Teres Minor (inferior, posterior, lateral part of scapula)
Subscapularis (anterior of scapula) (medial rotation of upper limb)

ASSIST IN KEEPING THE HEAD OF THE HUMERUS IN THE GLENOID FOSSA

supraspinatus assist the deltoid in abduction of arm for first 15 degree

other muscles all rotate the humerus

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14
Q

3 Muscles of Anterior Arm

A

1 Biceps Brachii
2 Coracobrachialis
3 Brachialis

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15
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

most superficial/anterior that attached to radius
long head is more lateral, longer tendon
short head is medial

cross shoulder + elbow joints for shoulder+ elbow flexion; supination of elbow joint

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16
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

deep to short head of biceps brachii + shares attachment w short head

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17
Q

Brachialis

A

real dominant elbow flexor

mid humerus + attached to ulna

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18
Q

5 Muscles of Posterior Arm

A 
Teres Minor
Teres Major
Medial Head of Triceps (deepest of triceps)
Long Head of Triceps
Lateral Head of Triceps
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19
Q

Triceps

A

major forearm extensor mainly carried out by medial and lateral head

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20
Q

Long Head of Triceps

A

crosses both elbow and shoulder joints

most superficial and posterior

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21
Q

Flexors of the Forearm

A

muscles that originate from the MEDIAL epicondyle

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22
Q

Extensors of the Forearm

A

muscles that originate from the LATERAL epicondyle

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23
Q

Anterior Forearm Muscles:

Superficial Layer

A 
from lateral to medial:
Pronator Teres 
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

all originate in medial epicondyle

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24
Q

Pronator Teres

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, + ulna
Insert: Radius

weak flexion of elbow joint; pronation of forearm

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25
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin: medial condyle of humerus Insert: 2nd base of metacarpal flexion of wrist + abduction of hand
26
Palmaris Longus
Origin: medial epycondyle of humerus Insert: flexor retinaculum + palmar aponeurosis only present in 85% of population; flexion of wrist + weak flexion of elbow joint
27
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin: medial epicondyle of humeros Insert: pisiform hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal
28
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis | FDS
Intermediate muscle of anterior forearm compartment Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus + coronoid process of ulna Insert: middle phalanges of 2-5 digits flexion at elbow, wrist, MCP, IP joints of 2-5 digits
29
Anterior Forearm Muscles: | Deep Layer
1 Pronator Quadratus (ulna + radius wrist) 2 Flexor Digitorum Profundus (digits 2-5) 3 Flexor Pollicis Longus (digit 1 aka THUMB)
30
Pronator Quadratus
flat square shape connects distal Ulna (origin) to distal Radius (insert) pronator of arm + stabilizes distal radioulnar joint interosseous nerve
31
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Origin: proximal 3/4 of medial+anterior surface of ulna Inserts: branches into 4 tendons of 2-5 digits flex of wrist, metacaroppphalangeal joint, distal phalanges
32
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Origin: anterior surface of radius Insert: 1st digit (Thumb) flex thumb, interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, carpometacarpal joints of thumb
33
Muscles of Posterior Forearm (3 groups, 3 muscles each) originates fr lateral aspects of forearm, all tendons pass deep to flexor retinaculum at wrist, then attach to respective insertions
``` 1 extend/abduct hand at wrist: 1 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris 1 Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus 1 Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis 2 muscle extend/abduct at thumb 2 Extensor Pollicis Longus 2 Extensor Pollicis Brevis 2 Abductor Pollicis Brevis 3 muscles extend the (4 medial) digits 3 Extensor Digitorum 3 Extensor Indicis 3 Extensor Digiti Minimi ```
34
Muscles of Hand Groups
``` Thenar Muscles (radial side of hand; mvmt of thumb) Hypothenar Muscles (ulnar side of hand; mvmt of pinky) Lumbricals (flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints while extending interphalangeal joints) Interossei (between bones of hand; palmar side + dorsal side) ```
35
4 Regions of Lower Limb
1 Gluteal Region (Superficial, Deep) 2 Thigh Region ( Anterior, Posterior, Medial) 3 Leg Region (Anterior, Lateral, Posterior) 4 Foor Region ( Dorsal, Plantar)
36
Superficial Gluteal Region
Gluteus Maximus heaviest/strongest extensor of hip + rotation of thigh Gluteus Medius important in preventing contralateral hip drop during walking Gluteus Minimus same as Medius Tensor Fascia Lata most anterior to stabilized knee in extension mainly act on FEMUR to extend + abduct hip. all originate in posterolateral surface of Ilium superior gluteal nerve
37
Deep Layer Gluteal Region
``` plays a major role in lateral roation of thigh, provides stability as they pull the femoral head into acetabulum Gluteus Minimus Piriformis Obturator Internus Superior + Inferior Gemelli Quadratus Femoris ```
38
Sciatic Neve
lies between superficial and deep gluteal muscles
39
Gluteus Minimus
fan shaped muscle helps ABDUCT the lower limb + prevents contralateral hip drop Origin: broad winf of ilium Insert: narrows into greater trochanter
40
PIRIFORMIS
Origin: anterolateral surface of sacrum Insert: greater trochanter of femur strong ABDUCTOR + ROTATOR of hip, close to SCIATIC NERVE. important BORDER for blood vessels/nerves
41
Obturator Internus
Origin: Ischium + Pubis (which then covers the obturator foramen bw them) Insert: greater trochanter of femur
42
Superior + Inferior Gemelli
triangular + narrow in shape. separated by Obturator Internus
43
Tricipital Muscle of Gluteal Region a.k.a. Triceps Coxae
they CANNOT produce an action independently superior to inferior: Superior Gemelli, Obturator Internus, Inferior Gemelli
44
Quadratus Femoris
inferior to Inferior Gemelli Origin: Ischium Tuberosity Insert: Intertrochanteric Chest strong LATERAL ROTATER of thigh
45
Compartments of Thigh
From superior view in clockwise order Anterior (Sartoris, Vastus Medialis, Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Iliotibial Tract) ----Lateral Intermuscular Septum--- Posterior (Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimenbranosus) ---Posterior Intermuscular Septum--- Medial (Adductor Magnus, Adductor Longus, Gracilis) ---Medial Intermuscular Septum---
46
Quadriceps | Group of Anterior Thigh Muscles
cross at knee joint, prone to atrophy secondary to injury 1 Rectus Femoris (most anterior, flex hip, extend knee) 2 Vastus Medialis (stabilise patella, extend knee) 3 Vastus Lateralis (extend knee) 4 Vastus Intermedius Vastus originates fr Femur Rectus originates fr Ilium Combines into femoris tendon to insert onto Patella + Tibial Tuberosity via Patellar Tendon
47
HIP FLEXORS
Iliopsoas Pectineus Sartorius
48
Ilipsoas
Iliacus + Psoas major form Ilipsoas Psoas Origin: T12-L5 transverse process Iliacus Origin: Iliac Fossa flex hip + flex trunk when they work bilaterally
49
Pectineus
Origin: superior pubic ramus Insert: posterior femoral shaft flexes + adducts hip
50
Sartorius
long superficial muscle runs in oblique manner Origin: anterior superior iliac spine of pelvis Inserts: knee on pes anserine are of superomedial tibia flexion, abduction, lateral rotation of hip flexion of knee
51
Great Major League Baseball Players! medial thigh muscles aka Hip Adductors from inferior to superior
``` Gracilis Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Pectineus ```
52
Gracilis
long thing strap-like, almost vertical, superficial in mid thigh. only medial thigh muscle that crosses knee Origin: inferior pubic ramus Insert: pes anserinus area of superomedial tibia can bring thigh towards midline, adduction of hip, flexion of knee, medial rotation of leg when knee is flexed
53
Adductor Magnus
largest, deepest of adductors. fan shaped Origin: pubic ramus, ischiopubic ramus, ischial tuberosity Insert: broadly onto gluteal tubercle to lineaspera(posterior femur). other insert onto adductor tubercle + medial supracondylar line (distal femur) most responsible for hip adduction, flexing hip
54
Adductor Longus
most anterior of adductor, fan shaped Origin: narrow at medial portion of pubic ramus Insert: widens to middle portion of linea aspera
55
Adductor Brevis
Origin: body + inferior ramus of pubis Insert: shaft of femur at pectineal line + proximal part of linea aspera adduction + flexion of hip join, extension, external rotation, stabilization of pelvis
56
Pectineus
Origin: superor pubic ramus Inser: posterior femoral shaft flexes + adducts the hip
57
Posterior Thigh Muscles a.k.a. Hamstring Muscles
3 muscles that cross both hip + knee joints flexors of knee, extensions of hip (except bicep femoris), Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris
58
Semimembranosus
medial muscle of hamstrong, large broad membrane like appearance Origin: outer surface of Ischial Tuberosity Insert: medial tibial condyle during contraction, it extends + stabilized the hip as well as flexes + internally rotates the knee
59
Semitendinosus
follows same path as semimembranosus but more lateral + superficial this, narrower cord-like appearance at distal half Origin: Ischial Tuberosity + Sacrotuberous Ligament Insert: medial surface of Tibial Tuberosity stabilizer + extensor of hip; flexor + internal rotate leg at knee
60
Biceps Femoris
has long+short head (short head is not part of hamstrings) Origin: lateral Linea Aspera (of femur) Insert: head of fibula + lateral condyle of tibia
61
Compartment of Lower Limb
Anterior Lateral Posterior Superficial Posterior Deep
62
Anterior Compartment of Lower Limb
``` anterior to INTEROSEEOUS MEMBRANE dorsiflexion of ankle, extension of toes, inversion of foot 4 muscles: Large Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Small Fibularis Tertius ```
63
Lateral Compartment of Lower Limbs
lateral to interosseous membrane Fibularis Longus + Fibularis Brevis legword in synergy to every the foot
64
Posterior Compartment of Lower Limbs
posterior to interosseious membrane Superficial Layer: Medial + Lateral Heads of Gastrocnemius, Plantaris, Soleus Deep Layer: Flexor Hallucis Longus, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Tibialis Posterior, Popliteus

Human Anatomy (29 decks)

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