Chapter 18 Slides Flashcards
(49 cards)
Across their lifetimes, ___% of people will have anxiety disorders and ___% will have depression.
- 25% anxiety
- 20% depression
By the year 2020, ______ will be second only to cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death and disability.
depression
Anxiety disorders and depression cost the public $___ billion a year.
$45 billion/year
Exercise positively influences feelings of ______ and decreases ____ and _____.
- well-being
- anxiety and depression
Epidemiological data show that physical activity is positively associated with…
good mental health in the US and Canadian populations
What are the 6 dimensions of well-being?
- self acceptance
- positive relation to others
- autonomy
- environmental mastery
- personal growth
- purpose on life
Describe self acceptance.
positive views of oneself
Describe positive relation to others.
trusting, caring, and empathetic relationships
Describe autonomy.
self-determined with intrinsic motivation and self-referenced standards
Describe environmental mastery.
effective mastery of the environment to fulfill personal values
Describe personal growth.
sense of development and self-fulfillment over time
Describe purpose on life.
directed toward purposeful goals for living
Mental health problems account for ___% of the total days of hospitalization in the United States and ___% of the total medical cost.
- 30%
- 10%
Although a cause–effect relationship has not been established, regular exercise is associated with what?
reductions in anxiety and depression
____ _____ _____ _____ is not absolutely necessary in producing positive effects.
high-intensity aerobic activity
What other activities (other than aerobic activity) have produced positive effects?
- strength training
- yoga
Give physiological explanations for how exercise enhances psychological well-being.
- Increases in cerebral blood flow
- Changes in brain neurotransmitters (e.g., norepinephrine, endorphins, serotonin)
- Increase in maximum oxygen consumption and delivery of oxygen to cerebral tissue
- Reductions in muscle tension
- Structural changes in the brain
Give psychological explanations for how exercise enhances psychological well-being.
- Enhanced feeling of control
- Feeling of competency and self-efficacy
- Positive social interactions
- Improved self-concept and self-esteem
- Opportunities for fun and enjoyment
Why do people exercise?
- Weight Control
- Reduced Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
- Stress and Depression
- Enjoyment
- Self-Esteem
- Socializing
Name some reasons for not exercising.
- Time
- Money
- Energy
- Role Conflict
- Social Support
- Motivation
- Exercising With Others
- Facilities
- Climate
- Physical Discomfort
Approximately ___% of the individuals who start a self-monitored exercise program will drop out of that program within six months.
50%
___% of adults are completely sedentary.
50%
____% of Canadians age 20-64 were an acceptable weight for their height, according to a report in 1999.
44%
Physical activity levels start decreasing at the age of ___.
6
