Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KNSS 253: Sports Psychology > Chapter 3 Slides > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Slides Flashcards

1
Q

What is motivation?

A
  • the direction and intensity of individual’s or group’s efforts
  • Personality factors, social variables, and thoughts that occur while attempting to attain an evaluated task
  • behavioural investment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 important factors for motivation?

A
  • direction

- intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe direction in motivation.

A

Are athletes motivated to achieve something (goals, winning) or avoid something (punishment, losing)?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe intensity in motivation.

A
  • effort
  • arousal level
  • time commitment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name 2 factors affecting motivation.

A
  • personality

- situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does personality affect motivation?

A
  • motivational orientations

- attributions of success and failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does situation affect motivation?

A
  • motivational climate
  • rewards
  • punishments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

________ motivational orientation plays a huge role in performance.

A

individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 orientations of motivation?

A
  • success oriented
  • failure oriented
  • performance oriented
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Each orientation is influenced by…

A

perceived ability and how it is measured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe someone who is success oriented.

A
  • Outlook is positive and optimistic
  • Attribute success to ability
  • Effort is enough to win
  • Prefer moderately difficult tasks
  • Learning is sacrificed for
    perception of competence
  • Failure increases effort
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe someone who is failure oriented.

A
  • Outlook is negative and pessimistic
  • Success is due to external reasons
  • Effort fluctuates
  • Prefer easy or hard tasks
  • Failure leads to giving up or dropping out
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe someone who is performance oriented.

A
  • Outlook is positive and optimistic
  • Attribute success to high effort
  • Effort is consistently high
  • Focus is on learning and improvement
  • Prefer very difficult tasks
  • Failure leads to increased effort and re-evaluation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Someone who is performance oriented would play to ….

A

play great

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Someone who is success oriented would play to ….

A

win

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Someone who is failure oriented would play to ….

A

not lose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

_____ oriented people would compete with themselves, and are ______ driven.

A
  • performance oriented

- process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

_______ and _______ oriented people would compete with others, and are _____ driven.

A
  • success and failure

- results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

______ oriented athletes are peak performers. How do they do this?

A
  • performance
  • give 100%
  • set difficult goals
  • persist in the face of failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe motivational climate.

A
  • achievement environment
  • normally established by the coach or leaders of a team
  • can influence individual’s motivational style
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 2 major types of motivational climate?

A
  • performance

- outcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 3 outlooks on motivation?

A
  • trait-centred
  • situation-centred
  • interactional view of motivation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe the trait-centred outlook on motivation.

A

motivated by personalities, needs and goals

24
Q

Describe the situation-centred outlook on motivation.

A
  • state like

- situation primarily dictates athletes’ motivation level

25
Q

Describe the interactional outlook on motivation.

A

the interaction between the person and the situation

26
Q

Name some personal factors in the interactional outlook on motivation.

A
  • personality
  • needs
  • interests
  • goals
27
Q

Name some situational factors in the interactional outlook on motivation.

A
  • leader-coach style
  • facility attractiveness
  • team win-loss record
28
Q

Name 5 steps to building motivation using the interactional view.

A
  • both situations and traits motivate people
  • multiple motives for participating
  • change the environment to enhance motivation
  • model appropriate behaviour (influence motivation)
  • use behaviour modification to change undesirable motives and strengthen desired behaviours/motives
29
Q

How can we change the environment to enhance motivation?

A
  • Motivational climate (Competition and Recreation)
  • Competitive engineering
  • Adjust to individual (yell/pat-on-the-back decision)
30
Q

What types of behaviour modification can be used?

A

reinforcing and punishing appropriately

31
Q

What are the 4 motivation theories?

A
  • need achievement theory
  • attribution theory
  • achievement goal theory
  • competency motivation theory
32
Q

Describe the pathway of the need achievement theory that leads to focus on pride of success.

A

motive to achieve success x probability of success = approach success –> focus on pride of success

33
Q

Describe the pathway of the need achievement theory that leads to focus on shame of failure.

A

motive to avoid failure x incentive value of success = avoid failure –> focus on shame of failure

34
Q

What is the behaviour associated with the first pathway of the need achievement theory that leads to focus on pride of success?

A
  • seek out achievement situations
  • look for challenges
  • enhanced performance
35
Q

What is the behaviour associated with the second pathway of the need achievement theory that leads to focus on shame of failure?

A
  • avoid achievement situations
  • avoid risk
  • perform poorly
36
Q

What are attributions?

A

reasons to explain success and failure

37
Q

Name 3 attributions.

A
  • locus of causality
  • locus of control
  • stability of attributions
38
Q

What is locus of causality?

A
  • Internal versus external to athlete

- Examples: We lost because we did not play well vs. we lost because the referee made two terrible call

39
Q

What is locus of control?

A
  • Controllable versus uncontrollable

- Examples: Weather, Court or facility conditions

40
Q

What is stability of attributions?

A

stable over time vs. constantly changing

41
Q

Describe the psychological result associated with stable attributions.

A

increased expectation of success

42
Q

Describe the psychological result associated with internal cause attributions.

A

increased pride or shame

43
Q

Describe the psychological result associated with attributions that are in one’s control.

A

increased motivation

44
Q

What is outcome goal orientation (competitive goal orientation)?

A

comparing performance with and defeating others

45
Q

What is task (mastery) goal orientation?

A

improving relative to one’s own past performances

46
Q

What is social goal orientation?

A

judging competence in terms of affiliation with the groups and recognition of being liked by others

47
Q

Compare outcome orientation vs. task orientation.

A
  • Task Orientations are generally thought to be more helpful in sport and exercise
  • Outcome orientations are thought to be less helpful
48
Q

The achievement goal theory consists of:

A
  • outcome goal orientation
  • task (mastery) goal orientation
  • social goal orientation
49
Q

If expanded upon, achievement goal theory ties into the 3 motivational styles, which are:

A
  • performance oriented
  • success oriented
  • failure oriented
50
Q

Describe the competence motivation theory.

A
  • People are motivated to feel worthy or competent.

- Feelings of competence and worth, as well as perceptions of control, determine motives

51
Q

What are the stages to developing achievement motivation and competitiveness?

A
  1. autonomous competence stage (self comparison)
  2. social comparison
  3. integrated stage (self and social comparison)
52
Q

What are the keys to developing achievement motivation and competitiveness?

A
  • Recognize stage of achievement motivation
  • Ultimate goal is the integrated stage
  • Motivational climate influences achievement motivation
53
Q

How can we recognize the interaction of personal and situational factors influencing achievement behaviour?

A
  • Stage of achievement behavior
  • Goal orientation
  • Attributions
  • Situations approached or avoided
54
Q

Name 6 implications for professional practice.

A
  • recognize the interaction of personal and situational factors influencing achievement behaviour
  • Emphasize mastery (task) goals and downplay outcome goals. Create a mastery motivational climate
  • Monitor and alter attributional feedback
  • Monitor and correct inappropriate attributions
  • Determine when competitive goals are appropriate
  • Enhance feelings of competence and control
55
Q

What are the advantages of being performance-oriented compared to success-oriented?

A

?

56
Q

What are some situations where athletes are more likely to adopt a success-oriented motivational style because of situational factors?

A

?

57
Q

What are some situations where athletes are more likely to adopt failure oriented motivational style because of situational factors?

A

?

KNSS 253: Sports Psychology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions