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KNSS 253: Sports Psychology > Chapter 14 Textbook > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Textbook Flashcards

1
Q

Research indicates that the factor most consistently distinguishing highly successful from less successful athletes is ______.

A

confidence

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2
Q

What is state self-confidence?

A

confidence that you feel today and therefore it might be unstable

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3
Q

What is trait self-confidence?

A

confidecne that is a part of your personality and thus very stable

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4
Q

When you expect something to go wrong, you are creating what is called a _____ ______ ______.

A

self-fulfilling prophecy

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5
Q

What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?

A

expecting something to happen actually helps cause it to happen

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6
Q

Give an example of someone overcoming a negative self-fulfilling prophecy.

A
  • how Roger Bannister broke the 4 minute mile
  • before 1954, most people claimed that running a mile in under 4 minutes was physiologically impossible
  • Bannister believed that he could break the 4 minute mark under the right conditions and he did
  • in the next year more than a dozen runners broke the 4 minute mile (runners believed it could be done)
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7
Q

What are the 5 types of self-confidence in sport?

A
  • confidence about one’s ability to execute physical skills
  • confidence about one’s ability to use psychological skills
  • confidence about one’s ability to use perceptual skills
  • confidence in one’s level of physical fitness and training status
  • confidence in one’s learning potential or ability to improve one’s skill
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8
Q

Self-confidence is characterized by a ____ ______ of success.

A

high expectancy

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9
Q

Optimal self-confidence means…., not necessarily… but it is essential to…

A
  • being so convinced that you can achieve your goals that you will strive hard to do so
  • does not necessarily mean that you will always perform well
  • essential to reaching your potential
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10
Q

How do self-doubts undermine performance?

A
  • create anxiety
  • break concentration
  • cause indecisiveness
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11
Q

Individuals lacking confidence focus on their _____ rather than their ______.

A
  • shortcomings

- strengths

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12
Q

Overconfident people are actually _____ confident. Their confidence is greater than their _____.

A
  • falsely

- abilities

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13
Q

_____ is much less of a problem than _______.

A
  • overconfidence

- underconfidence

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14
Q

What is the most common situation of overconfidence?

A
  • 2 athletes or teams of different abilities play each other

- better player or team often approached the competition overconfidently

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15
Q

Bandura argued that overconfidence is simply _____ _______ explanation for ______ and that it doesn’t truly exist.

A
  • a post hoc explanation

- failure

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16
Q

Describe why bandura claims overconfidence doesn’t exist.

A
  • athletes who lose to an inferior opponent will often say they took the opponent too lightly and simply didn’t prepare well enough
  • if they win, they will almost never say that they were overconfident but still won
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17
Q

What are the 4 components of the sport confidence model?

A
  • constructs of sport confidence
  • sources of sport confidence
  • consequences of sport confidence
  • factors influencing sport confidence
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18
Q

What makes up factors influencing sport confidence?

A
  • demographic and personality characteristics

- organizational culture

19
Q

What makes up sources of sport confidence?

A
  • achievement
  • self-regulation
  • social climate
20
Q

What makes up constructs of sport confidence?

A
  • confidence in decision making skills
  • confidence in physical skills and training
  • confidence in resiliency
21
Q

What makes up the consequences of sport confidence?

A
  • affect
  • behaviour
  • cognition
22
Q

Positive expectations for success have been shown to produce:

A

positive effects in many realms of life, including sport

23
Q

Name 3 ways that a coach’s expectation can influence player’s behaviours.

A
  • frequency and quality of coach-athlete interaction
  • quantity and quality of instruction
  • type and frequency of feedback
24
Q

Low-expectation athletes exhibit poorer performances because:

A

they receive less effective reinforcement and get less playing time

25
Q

Low-expectation athletes exhibit lower levels of _____ and ______ _____ over the course of a season.

A
  • self-confidence

- perceived competence

26
Q

Low-expectation athletes attribute their failures to lack of _____, thus substantiating the notion that they:

A
  • lack of ability

- they aren’t any good and have little chance of future success.

27
Q

Name 5 additional efficacy constructs that play a role in sharpening individual functioning in achievement pursuits.

A
  • learning efficacy
  • decision-making efficacy
  • coping efficacy
  • self-presentational efficacy
  • other efficacy
28
Q

What is learning efficacy?

A

individuals’ beliefs in their capability to learn a new skill

29
Q

What is decision-making efficacy?

A

individuals’ beliefs that they are competent decision makers

30
Q

What is coping efficacy?

A

individuals’ beliefs in their ability to cope in the face of perceived threats

31
Q

What is self- presentational efficacy?

A

individuals’ beliefs in conveying a desired impression to others

32
Q

What is other efficacy?

A

individuals’ beliefs in the ability of others

33
Q

Which source of self-efficacy provides the most dependable foundation for self-efficacy judgements? Why?

A
  • performance accomplishments

- based on one’s mastery experiences

34
Q

What is the 4 stage process of modeling?

A
  • attention
  • retention
  • motor reproduction
  • motivation
35
Q

What is self-talk?

A

verbal persuasion coming from one’s self

36
Q

Physiological states influence self-efficacy when individuals associate _____ _____ _____ with…

A
  • aversive physiological arousal

- poor performance, perceived incompetence, and perceived failure

37
Q

If physiological arousal is seen as facilitative, self-efficacy is _____.

A

enhanced

38
Q

____ experiences are not simply the product of physiological arousal.

A

emotional

39
Q

______ was the best predictor of exercise in a 2 year, large community sample.

A

self-efficacy

40
Q

Self-efficacy is particularly critical in predicting exercise behaviour in:

A

older sedentary adults

41
Q

Self-efficacy is a strong predictor of exercise in _______ populations.

A

symptomatic

42
Q

Self-efficacy was a good predictor of exercise ___ months after program termination.

A

9

43
Q

What is a goal map?

A

a personalized plan for an athlete that contains various types of goals and goal strategies as well as a systematic evaluation procedure for assessing progress toward goals

44
Q

_____, _____, and ______ are 3 primary self-regulatory tools that sport psychologists advocate to enhance confidence.

A
  • goal mapping
  • imagery
  • self-talk

KNSS 253: Sports Psychology (19 decks)

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