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chapter 23 Flashcards

exam 2

1
Q

functions of the digestive system

A
  1. ingestion
  2. movement
  3. mechanical breakdown
  4. digestion
  5. absorpion
  6. excretion
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2
Q

membranes of the digestive system

A

1.peritoneum
2. mesentery

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3
Q

peritoneum

A

serous membrane that covers organs of the abdominopelvic cavity

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4
Q

what are the 2 layers of the peritoneum

A

visceral peritoneum :covers organs
parietal peritoneum: clings to body wall

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5
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

fluid-filled sac in between the visceral and parietal peritoneum
prevents friction from organ/organ or organ/body wall contact

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6
Q

mesentary

A

double layer of peritoneum extending from digestive organs to body wall

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7
Q

functions of mesentery

A
  1. hold organs in place
  2. provide passage for blood lymphatic and nerve supply to the digestive system
  3. fat storage: adipose clings to mesentery can be used for energy and shock absorber
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8
Q

alimentary canal

A

portion of digestive system that forms a long tube into/out of the body

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9
Q

what is included in the alimentary canal

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach small intestine, and large intestine

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10
Q

what are the layers of the alimentary canal (deep to superficial)

A
  1. mucosa
  2. submucosa
  3. muscularis externa
  4. serosa
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11
Q

mucosa

A

innermost layer that has 3 subdivisions
epithelium
lamina propia
muscularis mucosa

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12
Q

what type of tissue makes up epithelium of mucosa

A

simple columnar

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13
Q

functions of epithelia in mucosa

A

secretes mucus, digestive enzymes, hormones, and absorptive surface

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14
Q

what tissue is epithelia in the mouth esophagus and anus

A

stratified squamous

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15
Q

What tissue is lamina propria

A

loose areolar connective tissue

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16
Q

The lamina propria is vascularized

A

blood vessels that monomers enter into

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17
Q

muscularis mucosae

A

has smooth muscle cells
creates movement to increase digestion and secretion

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18
Q

submucosa

A

superficial to mucosa
the rich supply of blood, lymphatic vessels, lymphoid follicles, and nerve supply
allows 2 layers above to be healthy

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19
Q

what tissue makes up submucosa

A

areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers
the organ can fill and empty allowing it to stretch and return to the original size

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20
Q

muscularis externa

A

muscular layer that generates movement in GI tract

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21
Q

what are the 2 layers of the muscularis externa

A
  1. circular layer
  2. longitudinal layer
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22
Q

when circular layer constricts

A

organ becomes narrow and longer

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23
Q

when longitudinal layer constricts

A

organ becomes shorter and more wide

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24
Q

sphincters

A

thickenings in muscularis externa
where 1 organ meets another
prevents back movement of ingested food and controls movement from one alimentary organ to another

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25
serosa
outermost layer visceral peritoneum
26
in organs not found in the abdominopelvic cavity what is serosa replaced w
adventitia
27
tissue of adventitia
dense connective tissue anchors organ in place: prevents bending/ twisting
28
Splanchic circulation
blood supply to digestive organs includes arteries that branch off the aorta and hepatic portal circulation
29
arteries in splanchic circulation
branches of the celiac trunk that serve the spleen liver and stomach hepatic artery left gastric artery splenic artery
30
hepatic portal circulation
collects nutrient-rich blood draining from digestive organs and transports it to the liver given to the liver so it can filter out any toxic materials
31
enteric nervous system
nerve supply of the alimentary canal lets brain know what is happening in digestive organs
32
two major intrinsic nerve plexuses of enteric nervous system
1. submucosal nerve plexus 2. myenteric nerve plexus supply walls of GI tract and help regulate motility through it
33
submuscosal nerve plexus
found in submucosa
34
myenteric nerve plexus
found in between circular and longitudinal layers in muscularis externa
35
long reflex
initiated by stimuli inside and outside the GI tract involves CNS
36
short reflex
mediated entirely by the enteric nervous system in response to stimuli within the GI tract ex. peristaltic movement
37
the mouth includes
lips, cheeks and palate
38
lips and cheeks
contain several skeletal muscles produce chewing movement and allow us to open and close the mouth
39
hard palate
rigid ribbed surface on roof of the mouth helps break down food
40
soft palate
soft mobile surface posterior to the hard palate uvula: projects from soft palate and helps close nasopharynx
41
the tongue
contains bundles of skeletal muscle intrinsic muscles and extrinsic muscles
42
intrinsic muscles
confined within the tongue , not attached to bone allow tongue to change shape
43
extrinsic muscles
origin of muscle is found on bone allow the tongue to change position in the mouth
44
important functions of saliva
1. cleanses mouth 2. dissolves food chemicals for taste 3. moistens food 4. contains digestive enzymes salivary amylase and lingual lipase
45
salivary amylase
starches
46
lingual lipase
lipids
47
major salivary glands
1. parotid 2. submandibular 3. sublingual
48
parotid gland
- largest salivary gland - empties saliva from roof of mouth - facial nerve found her: if damaged facial paralysis
49
submandibular gland
opens at floor of mouth under the tongue
50
sublingual
smallest salivary gland opens at floor of mouth via 10-20 different ducts
51
teeth
tear/ grind food into smaller pieces during chewing
52
types of teeth
deciduous teeth permanent teeth
53
deciduous teeth
baby teeth 20
54
permanent teeth
will eventually replace baby teeth that fall out 32
55
classification of teeth
1. incisors: cutting teeth 2. canines: tearing teeth 3. premolars and molars : grinding teeth
56
structure of teeth
1. crown 2.root
57
crown
exposed portion enamel: tough mineralized substance covering exposed tooth surface
58
root
portion embedded in jaw bone anchored to periodontal ligament
59
odontoblast
cell that continuously lays down dentin
60
what are teeth composed of
dentin
61
pulp cavity
surrounded by dentin and contains connective tissue, blood supply and nerve supply through cavity
62
pharynx
contractions of muscle in walls propel food into the esophagus
63
where does the stomach join w the esophagus
cardiac orifice
64
cardiac sphincter
thickening of smooth muscle at cardiac orifice prevent backward movement from the stomach to the esophagus
65

anatomy (20 decks)

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