lab quiz 7

Question 1

kidneys achieve homeostasis by

Answer 1

regulating pH and concentration of ions and water in body fluid

Question 2

how many nephrons are in the kidneys

Answer 2

one million

Question 3

kidneys provide for

Answer 3

the elimination of waste products of metabolism

Question 4

two main structures of nephron

Answer 4

renal corpuscle
renal tubule

Question 5

blood is filtered first through a tuft of capillaries in the renal corpuscle

Answer 5

glomerulus

Question 6

what is the rate of blood filtration

Answer 6

120 ml/min

Question 7

major parts of renal tubule

Answer 7

proximal convoluted tubule
nephron loop
distal convoluted tubule

Question 8

our kidneys filter out entire blood volume through the nephron

Answer 8

once every 30 minutes

Question 9

tubular filtrate is similar to

Answer 9

blood composition except that large molecules over 70,000 MW are excluded ( plasma proteins)

Question 10

what is retained in the filtrate

Answer 10

toxic by-products of metabolism and excess substances such as salt

Question 11

how much urine is formed per minute

Answer 11

1 ml of urine formed per minute

Question 12

an analysis of the urine

Answer 12

urinalysis

Question 13

genetically unable to metabolise the amino acid phenylalanine

Answer 13

phenylketonuria

Question 14

if accumulated in the body phenylaline converted to

Answer 14

phenylpyruvic acid

Question 15

an accumulation of phenylaline can lead to

Answer 15

seizures
intellectual impairments
developmental delays

Question 16

imbalance or deficit in the amount of insulin produced by the pancreas

Answer 16

diabetes mellitus

Question 17

increase in fatty acid metabolites

Answer 17

ketones

Question 18

increase in ketones

Answer 18

blood pH decreases

Question 19

how to indicate diabetes mellitus

Answer 19

ketones and blood sugar in the urine with low pH

Question 20

pH range in labstix test

Answer 20

abt 6
can range 4.5-8

Question 21

protein in labstix

Answer 21

none

Question 22

glucose in labstix

Answer 22

none

Question 23

ketones in labstix

Answer 23

none

Question 24

occult blood in labstix

Answer 24

none

Question 25

pH of urine can be more acidic due to

Answer 25

high protein diet respiratory disorder dehydration starvation

Question 26

alkaline urine due to

Answer 26

high citrus and dairy diet vomiting urinary tract infections cystitis

Question 27

urine decomposes in the bladder with the production of ammonia

Answer 27

cystitis

Question 28

presence of protein in the urine

Answer 28

proteinuria or albuminuria

Question 29

high glucose levels in the urine

Answer 29

glycosuria

Question 30

abnormally large amount of ketones excretion

Answer 30

ketonuria

Question 31

what does ketonuria suggest

Answer 31

fat is being used as an energy source instead of glucose due to diabetes or starvation

Question 32

blood not visible by the naked eye

Answer 32

occult blood

Question 33

blood present in the urine

Answer 33

urinary tract infecetions kidney stones cancerous cells

Question 34

a disease in which the glomeruli are damaged and plasma proteins and erythrocytes leak into the nephrons

Answer 34

nephritis

Question 35

one of the kidneys main functions

Answer 35

regulate the osmolarity of the body fluids at around 300 milliosmoles per liter

Question 36

dehydrated

Answer 36

small amount of highly concentrated urine

Question 37

overhydrated

Answer 37

large amount of minimally concentrated (dilate) urine

Question 38

the ratio of the density of a substance compared to the density of distilled water

Answer 38

specific gravity

Question 39

normal range of urine specific gravity

Answer 39

1.0015 to 1.035

Question 40

low specific gravity

Answer 40

chronic nephritis (slow, onset kidney disease)

Question 41

high specific gravity

Answer 41

acute nephritis ( sudden, onset kidney disease)

Question 42

the process of titrating silver nitrate to analyze the presence of chloride ions in a substance using potassium chromate as an indicator

Answer 42

Mohr Method

Question 43

Urinometer is calibrated to give a correct reading only if

Answer 43

urine is at 15

Question 44

for every 3 c above calibrater

Answer 44

add 0.001

Question 45

for every 3 below calibrater

Answer 45

subtract 0.001