Blood physiology/ hematology

Question 1

transport functions of blood

Answer 1

1. delivering oxygen and nutrients to body tissues
2. disposal of waste products
3. transporting hormones to various parts of the body to regulate organ function

Question 2

other functions of blood

Answer 2

1. regulating internal body temperature
2. body defense to prevent infection
3. acid-base balance
4. blood clotting to prevent blood loss after a blood vessel wall is torn or damaged

Question 3

3 types of blood cells

Answer 3

erythrocytes
leukocytes
thrombocytes

Question 4

erythrocytes

Answer 4

responsible for the transport of oxygen to body tissues and removal of carbon dioxide waste

Question 5

leukocytes

Answer 5

defend the body from viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens/microorganisms that can cause infection

Question 6

thrombocytes

Answer 6

help prevent blood loss by forming collections of cells at the site of a damage called clots when blood vessel walls are torn

Question 7

why are erythrocytes and thrombocytes not considered true cells

Answer 7

no nuclei
unable to mitotically divide

Question 8

blood cell production is called

Answer 8

hematopoiesis

Question 9

erythrocyte blood cell values

Answer 9

males : 5.4 +/- 0.8 million per cubic millimeter (mm3)
females : 4.8 +/- 0.6 million per cubic millimeter (mm3)

Question 10

leukocytes blood cell values

Answer 10

males : 7-9000 per mm3
females : 5-7000 per mm3

Question 11

thrombocyte blood cell values

Answer 11

150,000-400,000 per mm3
average: 300,000 per mm3

Question 12

hemoglobin

Answer 12

molecule in erythrocytes
responsible for binding and carrying oxygen to the body tissue cells and removinh carbon dioxide

Question 13

polycythemia

Answer 13

a person has an abnormally high number of red blood cells

Question 14

causes of polycythemia

Answer 14

bone marrow disease
kidney disease
liver disease
drug use

Question 15

anemia

Answer 15

an abnormal decrease of erythrocytes

Question 16

anemic hypoxia

Answer 16

shortage in oxygen delivery to the body tissue cells

Question 17

hematocrit

Answer 17

percent volume of the blood that is made up of erythrocytes

Question 18

heparin

Answer 18

blood samples and hematocrit tubes are treated with this to prevent the formation of clots

Question 19

erythropoietin

Answer 19

strictly regulates erythrocyte production
released by kidneys

Question 20

normal hematocrit values

Answer 20

males: average - 46%
range - 43-49%
females: average - 41%
range 35-45%

Question 21

why do males have higher hematocrit levels

Answer 21

influence of testosterone on the production of erythropoietin

Question 22

hematocrit percentage formula

Answer 22

height of red cells (mm)
_______________________________ x 100
height of red cells and plasma (mm)

Question 23

potassium cyanide (KCN)

Answer 23

helps measure blood hemoglobin levels

Question 24

when hemoglobin is exposed to KCN

Answer 24

produces a color compound called cyanmethemoglobin

Question 25

total blood hemoglobin formula

Answer 25

Hb (g) = blood volume (ml blood) x hemoglobin concentration (g Hb/ ml blood)

Question 26

total O2 carrying capacity formula

Answer 26

total g Hb x 1.34 ml O2/ g Hb

Question 27

blood volume for humans

Answer 27

males: 79 ml blood per kilogram of body weight +/- 10% females: 65 ml blood per kilogram of body weight +/- 10%

Question 28

kg to pound conversion

Answer 28

1 kg = 2.2 lbs

Question 29

two classes of leukocytes

Answer 29

granulocytes agranulocytes

Question 30

3 types of granulocytes

Answer 30

neutrophils eosinophils basophils

Question 31

3 types of agranulocytes

Answer 31

large lymphocytes small lymphocytes monocytes

Question 32

neutropenia

Answer 32

low number of neutrophils caused by: genetics, chemotherapy, malnutrition, aplastic anemia

Question 33

neutrophilic leukocytosis

Answer 33

high number of neutrophils caused by: sever burn, chronic inflammation, stressful situations

Question 34

lymphocytosis

Answer 34

high number of lymphocytes caused by: physical/emotional stress, fighting illness/infection

Question 35

lymphocytopenia

Answer 35

low number of lymphocytes caused by: viral infection, zinc deficiency, systemic lupus

Question 36

eosinophilia

Answer 36

high number of eosinophils caused by: parasitic infection, allergies, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, genetics

Question 37

monocytosis

Answer 37

high number of monocytes caused by : tuberculosis, chronic inflammation, heart attacks, smoking

Question 38

normal total leukocyte count

Answer 38

4500-11,000 WBCs per microliter of blood