Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

anatomy > Chapter 8 joints > Flashcards

Chapter 8 joints Flashcards

exam 2 prep (56 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what are the functions of joints

A

mobility : allow movement of body parts
- diff types of joints allow for diff amount and type of movement
- joints vary in shape

stability : hold the skeleton together
- joints hold bones in place : prevent bones coming apart
- prevent damage to internal structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

classification of joints

A

can either be structural or functional

Structural : type of tissue that connects bones at articulating surface
FIBROUS , CARTILAGINOUS OR SYNOVIAL

Functional : amount of movement allowed by joint
synarthroses : no movement
amphiarthroses : limited movement
diarthroses : freely moveable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where would you not want diarthrotic joints?

A

axial skeleton
protective qualities of axial skeleton - do not want movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fibrous joints

A

structural
joints composed of collagen fibers of connective tissue
no joint cavity
movement : synarthroses , few amphiarthroses
short collagen fibers dont allow large degree of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

types of fibrous joints

A

Sutures
syndesmoses
gomphoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sutures

A

fibrous joint
short and strong bands of collagen fibers seen between the bones of the skull
little movement permitted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

syndesmoses

A

fibrous joint
bones are connected to one another by ligaments (bands of fibrous tissue that join bone to bone)
MOVEMENT ALLOWED BY JOINT DEPENDS ON LEGTH OF LIGAMENT BANDS (LONGER = MORE MOVEMENT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

gomphoses

A

fibrous joint
only joint that doesnt join bone to bone
jones tooth to bony alveolar socket

TEETH ARE NOT BONES

  • peridontal ligament : joins mandible/ maxilla to tooth
    fibers are short : limited movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

fontanelles

A

soft spots in fetal skull
allows for movement of skull bones due to rapid brain growth and and allows for squezzing of head through pelvic girdle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

bones joined by cartilage
no joint cavity
synarthroses or amphiarthroses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

synchondroses

A

type of cartilaginous joint
bones united w a plate of hyaline cartilage
SYNARTHROSES
ex ; epiphyseal plate and costal cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

symphyses

A

cartilaginous joint
fibrocartilage joins bone
some movement but limited
FIBROCARTILAGE ABSORBS SHOCK
bounces back after movement
highly compressible and resilient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is an example of a symphyses

A

intervertebral joints : prevent vertebrae from touching

discs can herniate : fibrocartilaget bulges out and presses on nerve
PAINFUL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

synovial joints

A

joint cavity
diarthroses
almost all in appendicular skeleton : limbs need to move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

structures found in synovial joints

A

articular cartilage
joint cavuty
articular capsule
synovial fluid
reinforcing ligaments
innervation and vascularization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Articular cartilage

A

-hyaline cartilage covering bone ends
-wraps around epiphysis and prevents bones from directly rubbing against each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

joint cavity

A

small space between articulaing bones
almost nonexisitent - very small/flat
synovial fluid found here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Articular capsule

A

two layered capsule that encloses joint cavity
fibrous layer : outer layer that is continuous w periosteum - prevents two articulated bones from being pulled apart (STRONG/STABLE)

synovial membrane : inner layer that lines joint cavity
produces synovial fluid and is not found in places where there is articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

synovial fluid

A

slippery fluid occupying space in joint capsule
joint not active : fluid viscous and is soaked up by articular cartilage
joint active : fluid watery and is found in joint cavity

watery consistency allows articular carilage to slide against one another and prevent it from wearing down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how is synovial fluid released from articular cartilage when joint becomed active

A

when weight is applied to joint - articular cartilage will push together and squeeze synovial fluid out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

reinforcing ligaments

A

band like ligaments that join articulating bones
stabilize joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

innervation and vascularization

A

innervation : joints supplied w sensory nerve fibers
- lets yk position of joint , stretch of tissue , pain : warning sys.

vasculartization : rich blood supply to joints
provide raw materials for synovial fluid formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Factors influencing joint stablity

Study These Flashcards
A

articular surfaces
ligaments
muscle tone

24
Q

articular surfaces

Study These Flashcards
A

better two bones fit together - more difficult to pull out
doesnt play a huge role in joint stability

25
ligaments
the more ligaments the stronger the joint if ligament is too stretched out - lowers joint stability DISLOCATION ligaments only work well when they have other structures backing them up
26
muscle tone
tendons attach muscle to bone and often wrap around joints braces joints and holds it in place MOST IMPORTANT FOR STABILITY
27
movements allowed by synovial joints
nonaxial uniaxial biaxial multiaxial
28
non axial movement
no axis around which movement can take place bones that articulate have flat surfaces GLIDING - slide pass each other plane joint - cube shaped bones
29
uniaxial movement
allows for movement of joint around a single axis flexion/extension OR rotation hinge joint - flexion/extension pivot joint - rotation
30
biaxial movement
allows for movement of joint around 2 axis flexion/extension and abduction/adduction condylar and saddle joint
31
multiaxial movement
allows for movement around multiple axes flexion/extension , abduction/adduction AND rotation if all movements done together = CIRCUMDUCTION ball and socket joint
32
temporomandibular joint
biaxial hinge joint articular disc divides synovial cavity into superior and inferior parts superior : lateral excursion - wiggle jaw left to right inferior : elevation/depression - chewing (raise/lower jaw)
33
glenohumeral joint
humerus articulates w the scapula most freely moving joint in the body
34
structures that provide increased stability for glenohumeral joint
. Reinforcing ligaments - coracohumeral ligament : (1) back of shoulder - glenohumeral ligament : may have 0 but max of 3 - front (anterior) of shoulder . rotator cuff - 4 muscles and tendons encircle the joint - wrap around joint : brace joint extreme circumduction can injure rotator cuff . Glenoid Labrum - rim of fibrocartilage around glenoid fossa - deepen socket of joint so they fit better
35
elbow joint
humerus articulates w ulna hinge joint close fit of trochlea and trochlear notch : hard to pull apart muscle and tendon of arm muscle wrap around elbow to provide stability ulnar collateral ligament : medial side radial collateral ligament : lateral side BOTH PREVENT LATERAL MOVEMENT
36
coxal joint
head of femur articulates w os coxa strong ligaments and articular surfaces Illiofemoral ligament pubofemoral ligament ischiofemoral ligament all 3 wrap and twist around joint joint in use twist 3 ligaments tigheter
37
acetabular labrum
ring of cartilage around acetabulum to further deepen socket - head of femur fits better PREVENT DISLOCATION
38
knee joint
single joint cavity shared by 3 seperate joints
39
menisci
thin layer of fibrous cartilage at outer margins of tibiofemoral joints
40
function on menisci
part of knee joint slightly deepen socket cartilage absorbs shock - and prevents damage to bone tissue femur easily detaches from the tibia - moves in opposite directions
41
extracapsular and capsular ligament
part of the knee joint prevent hyperextension of knee
42
intracapsular ligaments (cruciate ligaments)
secure articulating bones , prevent displacement
43
anterior cruciate ligament
intracapsular ligament prevents forward sliding of the tibia - prevents hyperextension of the knee smaller than PCL - attaches to the front of the tibia more easily damaged: especially when changing directions
44
posterior cruciate ligament
prevents backward sliding of the tibia and foward sliding of femur attaches to posterior portion of tibia
45
Arthritis
can be inflammatory or degenerative inflammatory - tissue in joint inflamed, filled w fluid degenerative - joint tissue being destroyed Acute or chronic most widespread crippling disease in N.A
46
acute arthritis
bacterial, inflammatory easily treated w antibiotics bacterial infection in the joint - becomes inflamed - give antibiotics to kill bacteria
47
chronic arthritis
inflammatory/ degenerative long-lasting (months/yrs) tends to be progressive: pain gets worse , limited mobility
48
osteoarthritis
most common form of chronic arthritis progresses slowly and is irreversible inflammatory - takes yrs to feel pain and is difficult to treat
49
what increases risk of osteoarthritis
60+ female joint is overused/underused genetic : family w OA trauma : repeated dislocation
50
cause of osteoarthritis
articular cartilage destroyed faster than replaced broken cartilage never replaced
51
effect of osteoarthritis
exposed bone rubs together causing bone spurs bone spurs - abnormal bone formation: bone trying to protect itself no empty space between bones bone becomes deformed and restricts the movement of the joint
52
Rheumatoid Arthritis
autoimmune chronic inflammatory disorder immune system is attacking bone tissue incurable see symptoms at ab 30-40 yrs old
53
increased risk for RA
females : stronger immune system genetic
54
features of RA
bilateral and degenrative bilateral - seen on both sides of the body seen mostly on fingers , wrists, ankles and feet flair ups and periods of remission flair ups - pain/swelling remission - no pain/swelling remission is temporary as RA progresses, remission becomes shorter, and flare-ups worsen
55
progression of RA
synovial mem inflamed lymphocytes/macrophages flood the area to destroy inflammation - also destroy synovial men. break down of synovial mem causes accumulation of synovial fluid that solidifies - pannus forms breaks down cartilage tissue which is replaced by scar tissue ankylosis - scan tissue is turned into bone : lock bone together COMPLETE LOSS OF MOBILITY
56
helping RA
no cure prescribe sterioids - slow down the immune sys. - slow down the degeneration of joints pain meds replace joint w artifical joint before ankylosis occurs

anatomy (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions