chapter 24 Enviromnetal Emergencies

Question 1

active, which employs a heat source externally or internally (‘core’)
heat packs armpits and chest wrapping in a blanket

Answer 1

active rewarming

Question 2

the mechanism of ________ causes body heat to be lost through direct contact

Answer 2

CONDUCTION

Question 3

causes cold air molecules that are in immediate contact with the skin to be warmed

Answer 3

convection

Question 4

The process of a liquid or solid changes to a vapor

sweeting

Answer 4

evaporation

Question 5

results from increase in the body heat loss, a degrease in body heat production, or both.

most life-threatening cold injury

mortality rate 87%

Answer 5

generalized hypothermia

Question 6

high body heat

is elevated body temperature due to failed thermoregulation that occurs when a body produces or absorbs more heat than it dissipates

occurs when the body cant cool its self

Answer 6

hyperthermia

Question 7

low body temperature

is a condition in which core temperature drops below the required temperature for normal metabolism and body functions

Answer 7

hypothermia

Question 8

the condition called “frost bite” results from the freezing of body tissue

Answer 8

local cold injury

Question 9

is a state of decompensated hypothyroidism

Answer 9

myxedema coma

Question 10

which relies on retention of basal heat,

Answer 10

passive rewarming

Question 11

The most significant mechanism of heat loses
which involves the transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another

heat loss from head, hands, & feet

Answer 11

radiation

Question 12

breathing

It also produces heat loss

Answer 12

respiration

Question 13

1.sensory receptor: a sensory receptor, usually a nerve ending in the skin, that is stimulated by heat or cold

Answer 13

thermoreceptor

Question 14

occurs when individuals who have a predisposition, disability, illness, or medication usage render them more susceptible to hypothermia

Answer 14

urban hypothermia

Question 15

conduction is the method of heat loss in __________
Meaning: water and wet clothing will conduct heat away from the body at a much higher rate than air and dry clothing and much more rapidly than the body can produce it.

Answer 15

water chill

Question 16

is the effects of wind speed and environmental temperature into a number that indicates the danger of exposure

Answer 16

wind chill

Question 17

Obvious or subtle exposure:
      Cool or cold skin temperature
      Decreasing mental status/motor function
      Stiff or rigid muscles/posture 
      Shivering in mild cases (lack of, in more sever  cases) 
      Slow pupil reaction
      Blood pressure (low to absent) 
      Poor judgment
Breathing variations
       Rapid (early)
       Shallow, slow, absent (late)
Pulse changes
       Rapid (early)
       Slow, weak, irregular, absent (late)
 Muscle and joint stiffness
Skin
       Red (early)
       Pale
       Cyanotic
        Stiff/hard (late)

Answer 17

signs and symptom’s of generalized hypothermia

Question 18

Stages of hypothermia

Answer 18

mild 95 to 91 F

moderate 89.6 to 85.2 F

severe 82.4 to 71.6 F

profound 68 to 48.2 F

Question 19

what does the body rely on to which 3 body system to maintain body temp when it is to warm

Answer 19

skin
cardiovascular system
respiratory system

Question 20

what are the five mechanisms of heat loss

Answer 20

radiation
convection
respiration
evaporation
conduction