Flashcards in chapter 25 Deck (30):
1
metabolism
-definition
-function
sum of chemical reactions occurring within the body
-provides energy needed to maintain homeostasis
2
catabolism
-definition
-when nutrients coming in are low =
-breakdown of organic substances-process releases energy
-cell will breakdown reserves
3
anabolism
synthesis of new organic molecules
4
nutrient pool
sources of substances for catabolism and anabolism
5
absorptive state
-definition
-what is happening
-type of period
-period following a meal, ~4 hrs
-nutrients are entering your system
-anabolic period
6
postabsorptive state
-definition
-what is happening
-type of period
-long time after eating; GI tract is empty
-nutrients are not entering the system
-catabolic
7
absorptive state
-carbs
-proteins
-lipids
-glucose --glycogenesis--> glycogen
-amino acids --protein synthesis--> proteins
-glycerol + FA --lipoproteins--> tryglycerides
8
postabsorptive state
-carbs
-proteins
-lipids
-glycogen --glycogenolysis--> glycogen
-protein --proteolysis--> AA
-tryclycerides --lipolysis-- glycerol + FA
9
Aerobic respiration
-aka
-glucose catabolism
-4 principle steps
-cellular respiration
-C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6Co2 + 6H2O + energy
- 1. glycolysis
2. pyruvate oxidation
3. the citric acid (TCA) cycle
4. Electron transport
10
C6H12O6
-known as
-what does it undergo
-glucose
-glucose oxidation
11
glucose oxidation
break bonds of glucose and release e-
-electrons will be added to O2`
12
6O2
final e- acceptor
13
6CO2
exits the cell
14
energy
heat and 36 ATP
15
glycolysis
-location
-definition
-# of steps
-type of process
-cytosol
-conversion of 6C glucose to 2 3C pyruvate; glucose splitting in the cytoplasm
-10 steps
-anaerobic (no O2 needed)
16
glycolysis
-what happens to the e- released from glucose during oxidation
-# of ATP produced
-how is ATP produced
-products
-added to a molecule of NAD as part of a H+ ion
-2
-by substrate level phosphorylation
-2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP
17
pyruvate oxidation
-location
-what is it
-what happens to the e- released from pyruvate during its oxidation
-how much ATP is produced
-products
-mitochondrial matrix
-conversion of 2 3C pyruvates to 2 molecules of acetyl CoA
-they are added as part of a H+ ion to NAD
-none
-2 acetyl CoA; 2 CO2; 2 NADH
18
what does coenzyme A serve as in pyruvate oxidation
a carrier which helps to transport acetyl group
19
The citric acid cycle
-aka
-location
-what is it
-what happens to in e- released from acetyl CoA during its oxidation
-krebs cycle
-mitochondrial matrix
-breakdown of 2 2-C aceytl units to Co2
-e- are added as H+ ions to NAD to more NADH and to FAD to make FADH
20
the citric acid cycle
-is ATP produced? If so, how?
-products
-yes through substrate level phosphorylation
-4 Co2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP
21
the electron transport chain
-location
-what is it
-cristae of mitochondria
-group of electron carriers that receive e- from 1 NADH and FADH2 and pass them from one carrier to the next
22
the electron transport chain
-where do the electrons delivered to it come from
-what is the final electron acceptor
-is ATP produced? if so, how?
-NADH and FADH2
-O2
-yes by oxidative phosphorylation
23
oxidative phophorylation
-definition
-activates what
e- passed down chain and energizes the cristae
-activates an enzyme ATP synthase
24
ATP synthase
ADP + P -> ATP
25
what do fatty acids under go
beta oxidation to produce acetyl CoA
26
what do AA undergo
deamination
27
deamination
carbon chain + ammonium -> liver converts to urea
28
what is the main catabolic pathway
glucose catabolism
29
Anaerobic respiration
-aka
-respiration without
-will occur where and when
-what serves as the final e- acceptor
-anaerobic glycolysis
-O2
-in skeletal muscles during intense exercise. when ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation cannot meet demand
-pyruvate
30