Flashcards in chapter 23 Deck (76)
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1
anatomy of the respiratory system
-6 main structures
1. Nose (upper)
2. pharynx (upper)
3. larynx (lower)
4. trachea (lower)
5. bronchi (lower)
6. lung (lower)
2
the nose and nasal cavity
-lined by what
-6 structures
-2 functions
-respiratory epithelium
-1. superior nasal conchae
2. middle nasal conchae
3. inferior nasal conchae
4. external nare
5. hard palate
6. internal nare
-1. primary passage way for air
2. filters, warms and humidifies air
3
respiratory epithelium
-type of epithelium
-modified with what
-pseudostratified columnar epithelium
-cilia and contains globlet cells
4
the pharynx
-3 parts
1. nasopharynx
2. oropharynx
3. laryngopharynx
5
nasopharynx
-lined by
-contains what 3 structures
-lined by respiratory epithelium
-contains internal nare, entrance to auditory tube and pharyngeal tonsil
6
oropharynx
-lined by
-contains what 2 structures
-lined by stratified squamous epithelium
-lingual tonsil and palatine tonsil
7
laryngopharynx
-lined by
lined by stratified squamous epithelium
8
the larynx
-made of
-begins at
-anterior view (4 structures)
-mostly hyaline cartilage
-begins at ~ C4 and ends at ~C6
-1. hyoid bone
2. thyroid cartilage
3. laryngeal prominence
4. cricoid cartilage
9
glottis
air leaves pharynx and enters larynx through this
10
hyoid bone
-function
serves as an attachment site for muscles of the larynx, pharynx and tongue
11
thyroid cartilage
incomplete cartilage ring
12
laryngeal prominence
-known as
adam's apple
13
cricoid cartilage
a complete cartilage ring
14
3 structures located inside the larynx
1. vestibular ligament
2. vocal ligament
3. corniculate cartilage
15
3 structures located on the posterior side of the larynx
1. epiglottis
2. arytenoid cartilage
3. cricoid cartilage
16
epiglottis
elastic cartilage
17
what is the function of the corniculate cartilage and the arytenoid cartilage
function in the opening and closing of the glottis
18
2 functions of the larynx
1. prevents liquids and solids from entering the larynx
2. sound production
19
what structure folds over and covers the glottis during swallowing
the epiglottis
20
sound production
air passes through glottis and vibrates vocal folds which produce sound waves
21
vocal fold
-what does voice range depend on
-what does pitch depend on
-what does loudness depend on
-depends on the length of the vocal folds
-depends on the tension applied to the vocal folds
-depends on the force of air passing across the vocal folds
22
short vocal folds = ____ sound
long vocal folds = ____ sound
-higher
-deeper
23
increased tension on vocal folds = ____ pitch
decreased tension = ___ pitch
-higher
-lower
24
more air passing across vocal folds =
louder voice
25
phonation
sound production at the larynx
26
articulation
-what modifies the produced sound
-what is also important for speech
-tongue, teeth and lips
-nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
27
the trachea
-lined by
-contains
-stretches from
-___ shaped cartilage
-lined by respiratory epithelium
-contains 15-20 tracheal cartilages
-C6 to T5
-C shaped
28
function of tracheal cartilages
keeps trachea from collapsing
29
trachealis muscle
-relaxation
-contraction
-allows for
-increases the diameter of the trachea (sympathetic stimulation)
-decreases the diameter of the trachea
-distortion as food passes through esophagus
30
