Flashcards in chapter 24 part 2 Deck (62)
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1
chief cells
-definition
-function
-cells of the gastric gland
-secrete pepsinogen
2
pepsinogen
-inactive or active enzyme
-where is it secreted into
-formula
-inactive
-into stomach lumen
-pepsinogen -HCL-> pepsin
3
pepsin
-active or inactive enzyme
-function
-active
-breaks proteins into short fragments
4
G cells
-aka
-function
-pylorus or enteroendocrine cells
-produce gastrin hormone
5
gastrin
increase gastric motility and gastric juice secretion
6
regulation of gastric secretions
-3 phases
1. cephalic
2. gastric
3. intestinal
7
cephalic phase
-4 things
-what does it do
-seeing, tasting, thinking about food, and food in the mouth
-increase gastric juice secretions which is controlled by PNS
8
gastric phase
-definition
-what does this phase do
-3 mechanisms
-food enters the stomach
-increase gastric juice secretion
-1. neural response
2. hormonal response
3. local response
9
neural response of the gastric phase
stretch receptors and chemoreceptors
10
hormonal response of the gastric phase
increase gastrin release
11
local response of the gastric phase
release of histamine in the lamina propria
12
intestinal phase
-definition
-what does this phase do
-2 mechanisms
-what is this controlled by
-food enters the small intestine
-decreases gastric juice production
-neural and hormonal
-the duodenum in response to the arrival of chyme
13
neural response of the intestinal phase
enterogastric reflex
14
hormonal response of the intestinal phase
-contains
1. secretin
2. gastro inhibitory
3. cholecystokinin
15
what do accessory glands do
empty secretions into the small intestine
16
liver
-what does it secrete
-4 things
-bile
-1. L and R hepatic ducts merge to form the common hepatic duct
2. common hepatic duct and cystic duct merge to form the common bile duct
3.pancreatic duct and common bile duct merge at the duodenal ampulla
4. bile and pancreatic juices enter the duodenum at the duodenal papilla
17
bile
-contents
-2 functions
-how much is produced/day
-H2O, Ions, bilirubin and bile salts (derivative of cholesterol)
-1. emulsify fat
2. aid in fat absorption
-1 L
18
emulsify fats
conversion of a large fat blob into smaller fat droplets making it easier for chemical digestion
19
gallbladder
-2 functions
stores bile (40-70ml) and concentrates bile
20
chyme in the duodenum
-what does the duodenum secrete
cholecystokinin
21
cholecystokinin
-2 functions
1. promotes contractions of the gallbladder
2. opens hematopancreatic sphincter
22
pancreas
-2 glands
-composition of pancreatic juice
-endocrine gland and exocrine gland
-water, bicarbonate and phosphate buffers, enzymes
23
endocrine gland of the pancreas
-percent
-contains
-function
-1%
-pancreatic islets
-secretes insulin and glucagon
24
exocrine gland of the pancreas
-percent
-contains
-~99%
-pancreatic acini
25
pancreatic acini
-function
-how much is produced per day
-pancreatic juice
-1L
26
bicarbonate and phosphate buffers are important for
the dilution and buffering of acids in chyme
27
enzymes in the pancreatic juice
1. pancreatic alpha amylase
2. pancreatic lipase
3. nucleases
4. proteolytic enzymes
28
pancreatic alpha amylase
-identical to what
-functions
-salivary amylase
-breaks down starches and produces di and tri saccharrides
29
nucleases
-2 functions
1. breakdown nucleic acids (RNA and DNA)
2. produces nitrogenous bases and simple sugars
30
